Ndejjo Rawlance, Chen Nuole, Kabwama Steven N, Bamgboye Eniola A, Bosonkie Marc, Bassoum Oumar, Kiwanuka Suzanne N, Salawu Mobolaji M, Egbende Landry, Sougou Ndeye Mareme, Afolabi Rotimi F, Leye Mamadou Makhtar Mbacké, Bello Segun, Adebowale Ayo S, Dairo Magbagbeola D, Seck Ibrahima, Fawole Olufunmilayo I, Mapatano Mala Ali, Tsai Lily L, Wanyenze Rhoda K
Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of Political Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Front Glob Womens Health. 2024 Jun 12;5:1356609. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1356609. eCollection 2024.
The introduction of vaccines marked a game changer in the fight against COVID-19. In sub-Saharan Africa, studies have documented the intention to vaccinate and the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. However, little is documented about how sex differences could have impacted COVID-19 vaccination. We conducted a multi-country cross-sectional study to assess the sex differences in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and intention to vaccinate in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda. This study involved analysis of data from mobile surveys conducted between March and June 2022 among nationally constituted samples of adults in each country. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were run. The self-reported uptake of COVID-19 vaccines was not significantly different between males and females (= 0.47), while the intention to vaccinate was significantly higher among males ( = 0.008). Among males, obtaining COVID-19 information from health workers, testing for COVID-19, and having high trust in the Ministry of Health were associated with higher vaccination uptake. Among females, having high trust in the government was associated with higher vaccination uptake. For intention to vaccinate, males who resided in semi-urban areas and females who resided in rural areas had significantly higher vaccination intention compared to their counterparts in urban areas. Other factors positively associated with vaccination intention among males were trust in the World Health Organization and perceived truthfulness of institutions, while males from households with a higher socio-economic index and those who had declined a vaccine before had a lower vaccine intention. Overall, the factors differentiating vaccine uptake and intention to vaccinate among males and females were mostly related to trust in government institutions, perceived truthfulness of institutions, and respondent's residence. These factors are key in guiding the tailoring of interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in sub-Saharan Africa and similar contexts.
疫苗的推出标志着抗击新冠疫情的一个重大转折点。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，已有研究记录了接种疫苗的意愿以及新冠疫苗的接种情况。然而，关于性别差异如何影响新冠疫苗接种的记录却很少。我们开展了一项多国横断面研究，以评估刚果民主共和国、尼日利亚、塞内加尔和乌干达在新冠疫苗接种率和接种意愿方面的性别差异。本研究涉及对2022年3月至6月期间在每个国家全国范围内抽取的成年样本进行的手机调查数据进行分析。我们运行了双变量和多变量逻辑回归模型。自我报告的新冠疫苗接种率在男性和女性之间没有显著差异（P = 0.47），而男性的接种意愿显著更高（P = 0.008）。在男性中，从卫生工作者那里获得新冠信息、进行新冠检测以及对卫生部高度信任与更高的疫苗接种率相关。在女性中，对政府高度信任与更高的疫苗接种率相关。对于接种意愿，居住在半城市地区的男性和居住在农村地区的女性相比城市地区的同行有显著更高的接种意愿。与男性接种意愿呈正相关的其他因素包括对世界卫生组织的信任以及对机构真实性的认知，而来自社会经济指数较高家庭的男性以及那些之前拒绝过疫苗的男性接种意愿较低。总体而言，区分男性和女性疫苗接种率和接种意愿的因素大多与对政府机构的信任、对机构真实性的认知以及受访者的居住地有关。这些因素对于指导制定干预措施以提高撒哈拉以南非洲地区及类似环境下的新冠疫苗接种率至关重要。
