2018-2022 年捷克共和国接种蜱传脑炎疫苗的有效性。

Effectiveness of Vaccination Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Czech Republic, 2018-2022.

机构信息

Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.

出版信息

Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2024 Sep;24(9):607-613. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0166. Epub 2024 Jul 1.

DOI:10.1089/vbz.2023.0166

PMID:38946629

Abstract

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBEV infection can cause symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and result in severe consequences including death. TBE is an increasing health threat in the Czech Republic and elsewhere in Europe. In 2020, 23% of 3734 TBE cases reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control were from the Czech Republic. TBE vaccination is universally recommended in the Czech Republic, but a full analysis of TBE vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the Czech Republic has not been published. TBE is a notifiable disease in the Czech Republic with mandatory reporting of cases ( laboratory-confirmed TBEV infected patient with symptoms of CNS inflammation) and vaccination history to public health authorities. TBE VE was estimated using the screening method utilizing public health surveillance data from 2018 to 2022 and online household surveys of the general population on TBE vaccine uptake conducted in 2019-2022. In 2018-2022, 3648 TBE cases were reported in the Czech Republic; 98.1% (3105/3166) of TBE cases with known vaccination history were unvaccinated. Among 42,671 persons surveyed from the general population who had known TBE vaccination history, 66.5% were unvaccinated. VE against TBE was 97.6% (95% confidence interval 95.7-98.7). When stratified by age group, VE was 97.1% (88.4-99.3) in 1-15 years of age, 97.9% (95.3-99.0) in 16-59 years of age, and 96.9% (90.5-99.0) in ≥60 years of age. TBE vaccination averted an estimated 1020 TBE cases in the Czech Republic from 2018 to 2022. This first published study with a full analysis of TBE VE in the Czech Republic showed that vaccination was highly effective for the prevention of TBE including in children, an age group with increasing TBE disease burden. Vaccination averted hundreds of TBE cases and hospitalizations despite the relatively low compliance with TBE vaccine recommendations. To prevent additional TBE cases in the Czech Republic, enhanced efforts to increase TBE vaccine uptake are needed.

摘要

蜱传脑炎（TBE）由蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）引起。TBEV 感染可引起中枢神经系统（CNS）炎症症状，并导致严重后果，包括死亡。TBE 在捷克共和国和欧洲其他地区是一个日益严重的健康威胁。2020 年，向欧洲疾病预防控制中心报告的 3734 例 TBE 病例中，有 23%来自捷克共和国。捷克共和国普遍建议接种 TBE 疫苗，但尚未发表对捷克共和国 TBE 疫苗有效性（VE）的全面分析。TBE 是捷克共和国的一种法定报告疾病，必须向公共卫生当局报告病例（实验室确诊的 TBEV 感染患者有 CNS 炎症症状）和疫苗接种史。利用 2018 年至 2022 年公共卫生监测数据和 2019 年至 2022 年针对 TBE 疫苗接种情况进行的一般人群在线家庭调查，采用筛选法估计了 TBE VE。2018 年至 2022 年，捷克共和国报告了 3648 例 TBE 病例；98.1%（3105/3166）已知有疫苗接种史的 TBE 病例未接种疫苗。在对已知有 TBE 疫苗接种史的 42671 名一般人群进行调查时，66.5%未接种疫苗。TBE 对 VE 的预防效果为 97.6%（95%置信区间 95.7-98.7）。按年龄组分层，1-15 岁 VE 为 97.1%（88.4-99.3），16-59 岁 VE 为 97.9%（95.3-99.0），≥60 岁 VE 为 96.9%（90.5-99.0）。2018 年至 2022 年，捷克共和国估计通过 TBE 疫苗接种预防了 1020 例 TBE 病例。这项在捷克共和国首次对 TBE VE 进行全面分析的研究表明，疫苗接种对 TBE 的预防非常有效，包括对儿童的预防，儿童是 TBE 疾病负担不断增加的年龄组。尽管 TBE 疫苗接种建议的遵守率相对较低，但疫苗接种仍预防了数百例 TBE 病例和住院治疗。为了防止捷克共和国出现更多 TBE 病例，需要加强努力提高 TBE 疫苗接种率。