Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Brussels, Belgium.
Azoth Systems, Technopôle de la Mer, Ollioules, France.
Int Marit Health. 2024;75(2):89-102. doi: 10.5603/imh.99606.
Saturation diving is a standard method of intervention for commercial diving during offshore operations. Current saturation procedures achieve a high level of safety with regards to decompression sickness but still put the divers under multiple stressors: 1) Environmental stress (long confinement, heat/cold, dense gases, high oxygen levels), 2) Work stress (muscular fatigue, psychological pressure, breathing equipment, etc.), 3) venous gas emboli associated with decompression, 4) Inflammation related to oxidative stress and microparticles. We present the results of a saturation divers monitoring campaign performed in the North Sea Danish sector, on the Tyra field, during 2022. The study was supported by TotalEnergies, the field operator, and performed by Boskalis Subsea Services, the diving contractor, onboard the diving support vessel Boka Atlantis. The objective was twofold: document the level of diving stress during saturation operations in the Danish sector, and compare the performances of two saturation procedures, the Boskalis and the NORSOK procedures.
Fourteen divers volunteered for the study. The monitoring package include weight and temperature measurements, psychomotor tests (objective evaluation) and questionnaires (subjective evaluation), Doppler bubble detection and bioimpedance. The results were presented in a radar diagram that provides a general view of the situation.
The data were analysed along 3 dimensions: work and environmental, desaturation bubbles, oxidative stress and inflammation. The results showed little or no variations from the reference values. No bubbles were detected after excursion dives and the final decompression, except for two divers with a grade 1 after arriving at surface. No statistical difference could be found between the Boskalis and the NORSOK saturation procedures.
At a depth of 40-50 msw corresponding to the Danish sector, the two saturation procedures monitored induce no or little stress to the divers. The divers know how to manage their diet, equilibrate their hydration and pace their effort. Data available on divers' post saturation period show a recovery over the 24-48 hours following the end of the decompression. Further research should focus on diving deeper than 100 msw where a greater stress can be anticipated.
饱和潜水是海上作业中商业潜水的标准干预方法。目前的饱和程序在减压病方面达到了很高的安全性水平，但仍使潜水员面临多种压力源：1）环境压力（长期禁闭、热/冷、高密度气体、高氧气水平），2）工作压力（肌肉疲劳、心理压力、呼吸设备等），3）减压相关的静脉气体栓塞，4）与氧化应激和微粒有关的炎症。我们介绍了 2022 年在北海丹麦海域 Tyra 油田进行的一次饱和潜水员监测活动的结果。该研究得到了作业者道达尔能源的支持，由潜水承包商 Boskalis Subsea Services 在潜水支援船 Boka Atlantis 上进行。目的是双重的：记录丹麦海域饱和作业期间的潜水压力水平，并比较 Boskalis 和 NORSOK 两种饱和程序的性能。
14 名潜水员自愿参加了这项研究。监测包包括体重和温度测量、运动能力测试（客观评估）和问卷调查（主观评估）、多普勒气泡检测和生物阻抗。结果以雷达图的形式呈现，提供了总体情况的概览。
数据沿三个维度进行分析：工作和环境、脱饱和气泡、氧化应激和炎症。结果显示，与参考值相比，变化很小或没有变化。除了两名潜水员在到达水面后出现一级气泡外，在探险潜水和最后减压后没有检测到气泡。在 Boskalis 和 NORSOK 两种饱和程序之间，没有发现统计学差异。
在 40-50 米水深的丹麦海域，监测到的两种饱和程序对潜水员没有或几乎没有产生压力。潜水员知道如何管理自己的饮食、保持水合平衡并控制自己的努力。关于潜水员饱和后阶段的数据显示，在减压结束后 24-48 小时内，他们会恢复。进一步的研究应集中在潜水深度超过 100 米的区域，那里可能会有更大的压力。
