加纳埃门拉尼的流动渔民的孤独感和冒险行为：一项汇聚平行混合方法研究。

Loneliness and risky behaviours among mobile fishers in Elmina, Ghana: a convergent parallel mixed-method study.

机构信息

Department of Children, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection, Accra, Ghana.

Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2024 Jun 30;24(1):1746. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19243-w.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-024-19243-w

PMID:38951857

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11218346/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Loneliness affects individuals of all age groups, and mobile fishers are susceptible to loneliness due to the nature of their occupation. However, there is no study examining loneliness and risky behaviours among fishers in Ghana. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine fishers' mobility history, prevalence of loneliness, predictors of loneliness, effects of loneliness on fishers, coping strategies to address loneliness, and prevalence of risky behaviour among fishers in Elmina, Ghana.

METHODS

This is a convergent parallel mixed-method study involving 385 fishers in Elmina. A questionnaire and interview guides were used to collect data from respondents. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square and Fisher exact tests, and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the quantitative data, while the qualitative data were analysed thematically.

RESULTS

From the quantitative findings, most fishers were mobile (54.5%) and travelled alone (45.7%). Approximately 83% of the fishers experienced loneliness. Male fishers (AOR = 0.049; 95% CI = 0.003-0.741; p-value = 0.030), fishers affiliated with the African Traditionalist religion (AOR = 0.043; 95% CI = 0.002-0.846; p-value = 0.038), and fishers who travelled with their working colleagues (AOR = 0.002; 95% CI = 0.000-0.023; p-value = ≤ 0.001), were less likely to be experience loneliness. Feeling bored, isolated and worried/anxious were the main perceived effects of loneliness. Alcohol consumption and finding a companion to spend time with were the main strategies fishers used to cope with their loneliness. Most male fishers consumed alcohol (92.5%; p-value = ≤ 0.001) and spent time with companions (73.5%; p-value = ≤ 0.001) to cope with their loneliness. The quantitative and qualitative findings showed that fishers engaged in risky behaviours (excessive alcohol consumption, casual sex, and smoking marijuana and tobacco). From the quantitative findings, more male fishers engaged in excessive alcohol consumption (97.6% vs. 74.5%; p-value = ≤ 0.001), casual sex (88.2% vs. 61.7%, p-value = ≤ 0.001), smoking marijuana (43.0% vs. 13.0%, p-value = ≤ 0.001) and tobacco (49.4% vs. 19.1%; p-value = 0.001) than female fishers.

CONCLUSIONS

Loneliness and risky behaviours were common among fishers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design interventions to help reduce loneliness and risky behaviour among fishers.

摘要

背景

孤独感影响着各个年龄段的人，而流动渔民因其职业性质容易感到孤独。然而，加纳目前没有研究调查渔民的孤独感和危险行为。因此，本研究旨在调查加纳埃尔米纳渔民的流动性历史、孤独感的流行程度、孤独感的预测因素、孤独感对渔民的影响、应对孤独感的策略以及渔民的危险行为的流行程度。

方法

这是一项涉及 385 名埃尔米纳渔民的收敛平行混合方法研究。使用问卷和访谈指南从受访者那里收集数据。描述性统计、Pearson's chi-square 和 Fisher 精确检验以及二元逻辑回归用于分析定量数据，而定性数据则通过主题分析进行分析。

结果

从定量研究结果来看，大多数渔民都是流动的（54.5%）且独自出行（45.7%）。大约 83%的渔民经历过孤独感。男性渔民（AOR=0.049；95%CI=0.003-0.741；p 值=0.030）、信奉非洲传统宗教的渔民（AOR=0.043；95%CI=0.002-0.846；p 值=0.038）和与工作同事一起出行的渔民（AOR=0.002；95%CI=0.000-0.023；p 值=≤0.001）不太可能经历孤独感。感到无聊、孤立和担忧/焦虑是孤独感的主要影响。饮酒和寻找陪伴是渔民应对孤独感的主要策略。大多数男性渔民（92.5%；p 值=≤0.001）饮酒，与同伴共度时光（73.5%；p 值=≤0.001）以应对孤独感。定量和定性研究结果表明，渔民存在危险行为（过度饮酒、随意性行为、吸食大麻和烟草）。从定量研究结果来看，更多的男性渔民过度饮酒（97.6% 比 74.5%；p 值=≤0.001）、随意性行为（88.2% 比 61.7%；p 值=≤0.001）、吸食大麻（43.0% 比 13.0%；p 值=≤0.001）和烟草（49.4% 比 19.1%；p 值=0.001）比女性渔民更为普遍。