医学教育中行星健康的发展与特点：一项范围综述
The Development and Characteristics of Planetary Health in Medical Education: A Scoping Review.
作者信息
Visser Eva H, Oosterveld Berdien, Slootweg Irene A, Vos Hedwig M M, Adriaanse Marieke A, Schoones Jan W, Brakema Evelyn A
机构信息
E.H. Visser is a PhD candidate and medical doctor, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-3237.
B. Oosterveld is a junior researcher and medical doctor, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; and junior researcher and medical doctor, Department of General Practice & Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University Netherlands; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0380-5498.
出版信息
Acad Med. 2024 Jul 2. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005796.
PURPOSE
Climate change, biodiversity loss, and other ecological crises threaten human health globally. The interrelation between human health and ecosystems is addressed in the emerging field of planetary health. Ecological crises have created an urgency to integrate planetary health, including sustainable health care, into medical education. To facilitate integration and guide future research, this review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature about planetary health in medical education.
METHOD
The authors conducted a scoping review using the conventional methodological framework for scoping studies. They performed a comprehensive search in 7 databases without language restrictions in March 2022. Two researchers independently extracted data. The team analyzed the data using data-driven thematic analysis, content analysis, and qualitative summarizing. Data were structured according to the Curriculum Development for Medical Education: A Six-Step Approach.
RESULTS
The authors identified 3,703 unique publications, of which 127 were included. Articles predominantly (71%, n = 90) covered the call to integrate planetary health in medical education (step 1: general needs assessment). Many publications (24%, n = 31) proposed learning objectives (step 3); these mainly concerned raising awareness while few concerned action perspectives. Publications limitedly reported on the final steps of curriculum development. Only 2 covered a full cycle of curriculum development. Most were published recently, with first authors mainly from Europe and North America.
CONCLUSIONS
Planetary health in medical education is an urgent and hot topic. Literature focused predominantly on why planetary health should be integrated in medical education and what should be covered. The authors recommend future research and education development to shift to how to do so, especially in evaluation and feedback. Research and education development needs to be conducted and reported on systematically and underpinned by educational principles. Lastly, it would benefit from perspectives beyond 'Western-based' ones.
目的
气候变化、生物多样性丧失及其他生态危机在全球范围内威胁着人类健康。人类健康与生态系统之间的相互关系是新兴的行星健康领域所关注的问题。生态危机促使人们迫切需要将包括可持续医疗保健在内的行星健康纳入医学教育。为促进整合并指导未来研究，本综述旨在概述医学教育中有关行星健康的现有文献。
方法
作者采用范围研究的传统方法框架进行了一项范围综述。他们于2022年3月在7个数据库中进行了全面搜索，无语言限制。两名研究人员独立提取数据。研究团队使用数据驱动的主题分析、内容分析和定性总结对数据进行了分析。数据根据医学教育课程开发：六步法进行构建。
结果
作者识别出3703篇独特的出版物，其中127篇被纳入。文章主要（71%，n = 90）涵盖了将行星健康纳入医学教育的呼吁（步骤1：总体需求评估）。许多出版物（24%，n = 31）提出了学习目标（步骤3）；这些主要涉及提高意识，而涉及行动视角的较少。关于课程开发最后步骤的出版物报道有限。只有2篇涵盖了课程开发的完整周期。大多数是最近发表的，第一作者主要来自欧洲和北美。
结论
医学教育中的行星健康是一个紧迫且热门的话题。文献主要关注为什么应将行星健康纳入医学教育以及应涵盖哪些内容。作者建议未来的研究和教育发展应转向如何这样做，特别是在评估和反馈方面。研究和教育发展需要系统地进行并报告，并以教育原则为基础。最后，它将受益于“西方以外”的视角。
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