Zhang J, Jiang Y T, Gao L, Yu D D, He C, Cui H L, Wang H J, Feng Y
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Jun 6;58(6):823-829. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20231213-00442.
This study was to investigate the relationship between spring pollen distribution concentration, species and the detection results of air-borne pollen allergens in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province during March to May 2022 and March to May 2023.A retrospective study was conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Clinic of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.Pollen particles will be monitored by gravity sedimentation method on the roof of the outpatient department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in downtown Taiyuan from March to May 2022-2023, and pollen species and quantity will be observed and recorded under an optical microscope.The air-borne pollen allergen detection results of all allergic rhinitis patients in the otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery Department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were extracted from the relevant outpatient system. SPSS software and Pearson correlation analysis were used to compare the correlation between the allergens and the dominant air-borne pollen monitoring results. Results are as follows: (1)A total of 18 species of spring pollen in Taiyuan City were monitored in 2022-2023, with 101 177.5 grains, and the dominant airborne pollen was poplar (16.69%) and pine (29.06%) pollen. The pollen of poplar (11.96%), elm (7.89%) and cypress (8.68%) were dominant in early spring; Pine (25.16%) pollen predominated in late spring. The two peaks of pollen dispersal in Taiyuan were in late March (15 479 grains) and early and mid May (15 094/15 343 grains).(2) The positive rates of allergens in serum specific IgE detection were: wormwood (46%, 248/541 cases), tree combination (26%, 143/541 cases), ragweed (19%, 101/541 cases), humulus scandens (9%, 49/541 cases).(3)There was a linear positive correlation between the positive rate of air-borne pollen allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and the dominant air-borne pollen concentration in the same period (0.05, =0.999). In conclusion, two spring pollen dispersal peaks were formed in late March and early to mid May in Taiyuan City, and the dominant air-borne pollens were poplar and pine pollens. The positive rate of air borne pollen allergen sIgE showed that wormwood allergy was the highest.There was a positive correlation between the concentration of air-borne pollen and the positive rate of air-borne pollen allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in the Department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery in Taiyuan in 2022 and 2023.The monitoring of pollen distribution in spring can provide an important scientific basis for clinical workers to formulate prevention and treatment plans for patients with allergic rhinitis in the season, and provide data reference for the epidemiological investigation of allergic diseases in Taiyuan in the future.
本研究旨在探讨2022年3月至5月以及2023年3月至5月山西省太原市春季花粉分布浓度、种类与气传花粉变应原检测结果之间的关系。在山西医科大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊进行了一项回顾性研究。2022 - 2023年3月至5月，在太原市市中心山西医科大学第一医院门诊楼顶采用重力沉降法监测花粉颗粒，并用光学显微镜观察记录花粉种类及数量。从山西医科大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科所有变应性鼻炎患者的相关门诊系统中提取气传花粉变应原检测结果。采用SPSS软件和Pearson相关性分析比较变应原与优势气传花粉监测结果之间的相关性。结果如下：（1）2022 - 2023年太原市共监测到18种春季花粉，共101177.5粒，优势气传花粉为杨树花粉（16.69%）和松树花粉（29.06%）。早春以杨树花粉（11.96%）、榆树花粉（7.89%）和柏树花粉（8.68%）为主；晚春以松树花粉（25.16%）为主。太原市花粉传播的两个高峰分别在3月下旬（15479粒）和5月上旬及中旬（15094/15343粒）。（2）血清特异性IgE检测中变应原阳性率分别为：蒿属（46%，248/541例）、树木组合（26%，143/541例）、豚草（19%，101/541例）、葎草（9%，49/541例）。（3）山西医科大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科变应性鼻炎患者气传花粉变应原阳性率与同期优势气传花粉浓度呈线性正相关（P<0.05，r = 0.999）。综上所述，太原市在3月下旬和5月上旬及中旬形成两个春季花粉传播高峰，优势气传花粉为杨树花粉和松树花粉。气传花粉变应原sIgE阳性率显示蒿属过敏最高。2022年和2023年太原市耳鼻咽喉头颈外科变应性鼻炎患者气传花粉浓度与气传花粉变应原阳性率呈正相关。春季花粉分布监测可为临床工作者制定该季节变应性鼻炎患者的防治方案提供重要科学依据，并为今后太原市变应性疾病的流行病学调查提供数据参考。
