Dos Inocentes Renan Jhordan Mettelziefen, de Almeida Ribeiro Alexandre, Marzano-Rodrigues Maria Noel, Yatabe-Ioshida Marília Sayako, Trindade-Suedam Ivy Kiemle
Laboratory of Physiology Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
School of Medicine Life and Health Science Institute Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Int J Dent. 2024 Jun 18;2024:6545790. doi: 10.1155/2024/6545790. eCollection 2024.
Sleep apnea symptoms, such as snoring and daytime somnolence, are commonly observed in individuals with Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) and may be related to airway obstruction due to micro- and retro-gnathia. This study aims to three-dimensionally evaluate the upper airway using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams of adolescents (TCS-ADOL) and adults (TCS-ADUL) with TCS compared to a nonsyndromic group (CON).
Twenty-six CBCT exams were divided into three groups: TCS-ADOL ( = 7) (13.14 ± 1.67 years): CBCT exams of TCS adolescents; TCS-ADUL ( = 10) (21.80 ± 4.39 years): CBCT exams of TCS adults; and CON ( = 9) (25.33 ± 8.57 years): CBCT exams of adult nonsyndromic individuals with Class II skeletal pattern. The variables analyzed were (1) total upper airway volume; (2) nasal cavity volume; (3) total pharyngeal volume; (4) nasopharyngeal volume; (5) oropharyngeal volume; (6) pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area; (7) pharyngeal length; and (8) pharyngeal depth. Scans were analyzed by two examiners, and intra- and inter-rater agreement was calculated. A -value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Although not statistically significant, the TCS-ADUL group showed decreased airway volume and minimal cross-sectional areas compared to the CON group. There were also significant differences between TCS-ADOL and TCS-ADUL, with significantly lower airway volumes in the TCS-ADOL group. Strong positive correlations were found between certain airway measurements in the TCS-ADOL group, which were not observed in adults.
The upper airways of adults with TCS are dimensionally similar to those of nonsyndromic individuals, despite absolute value reductions found in the syndromic group. The reduced airway in the adolescent population suggests significant potential for growth, mainly in pharyngeal dimensions.
睡眠呼吸暂停症状,如打鼾和日间嗜睡,在患有特雷彻·柯林斯综合征(TCS)的个体中很常见,可能与小颌畸形和后缩颌导致的气道阻塞有关。本研究旨在通过锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)对患有TCS的青少年(TCS - ADOL)和成人(TCS - ADUL)的上气道进行三维评估,并与非综合征组(CON)进行比较。
26例CBCT检查分为三组:TCS - ADOL(n = 7)(13.14 ± 1.67岁):TCS青少年的CBCT检查;TCS - ADUL(n = 10)(21.80 ± 4.39岁):TCS成人的CBCT检查;CON(n = 9)(25.33 ± 8.57岁):具有II类骨骼型的成人非综合征个体的CBCT检查。分析的变量包括:(1)上气道总体积;(2)鼻腔体积;(3)咽总体积;(4)鼻咽体积;(5)口咽体积;(6)咽部最小横截面积;(7)咽长度;(8)咽深度。扫描由两名检查者进行分析,并计算评分者内和评分者间的一致性。P值≤0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
尽管无统计学意义,但与CON组相比,TCS - ADUL组的气道体积和最小横截面积有所减小。TCS - ADOL组和TCS - ADUL组之间也存在显著差异,TCS - ADOL组的气道体积明显更低。在TCS - ADOL组的某些气道测量值之间发现了强正相关,而在成人中未观察到。
患有TCS的成人上气道尺寸与非综合征个体相似,尽管综合征组的绝对值有所降低。青少年人群气道减小表明主要在咽部尺寸方面有显著的生长潜力。