Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
Nat Prod Rep. 2024 Oct 17;41(10):1579-1603. doi: 10.1039/d3np00039g.
Covering mainly from 2013 up to 2023 with relevant references to work done before 2013First reported in 1995, the dichapetalins and analogous compounds constitute a novel class of natural dammarane-type merotriterpenoids characterized by their unique 2-phenylpyrano moiety annellated to ring A of the dammarane skeleton. They have been reported from only two genera: (Dichapetalaceae) and (Phyllanthaceae). About 100 novel dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds, including the acutissimatriterpenes and their antitumour and other bioactivities have been reported. In the present review, we cover the distribution, ethnobotanical and medicinal importance and the diversity of secondary metabolites reported from the two genera and from 2013 to date, with appropriate reference to relevant information prior to 2013. We also propose and discuss possible biosynthetic pathways, antitumour activity against a broad range of human and murine cancer cell lines, structure activity relationships, and other biological activities and mechanisms of action. Finally, the review deals with future perspectives which include expansion of the structural diversity and bioactivity scope, possible simplification of the structural complexity of the compounds to enhance their drug-likeness, studies, and continuation of the search for new dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds from the over 200 and over 1200 species yet to be investigated. It is envisaged that the present review will stimulate further multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies.
涵盖的时间主要为 2013 年至 2023 年，同时也涉及 2013 年之前的相关工作。二萜化合物和类似化合物于 1995 年首次报道，它们构成了一类新型的天然达玛烷型倍半萜，其特征为独特的 2-苯基吡喃部分稠合到达玛烷骨架的 A 环。它们仅从两个属中报道过： （铁青树科）和 （叶下珠科）。约有 100 种新型的二萜化合物和二萜化合物类似物，包括 acutissimatriterpenes 及其抗肿瘤和其他生物活性已被报道。在本综述中，我们涵盖了这两个属从 2013 年至今的分布、民族植物学和医学重要性以及次生代谢产物的多样性，并适当参考了 2013 年之前的相关信息。我们还提出并讨论了可能的生物合成途径、对广泛的人类和鼠类癌细胞系的抗肿瘤活性、构效关系以及其他生物活性和作用机制。最后，综述还涉及未来的展望，包括扩大结构多样性和生物活性范围、可能简化化合物的结构复杂性以提高其类药性、研究以及继续寻找新的二萜化合物和二萜化合物类似物，这些化合物来自 200 多种尚未研究的 和 1200 多种有待研究的 物种。预计本综述将激发进一步的多学科和跨学科研究。
