Education, Research Methods and Evaluation Department, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain.
University Family Institute, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2024 Aug;24(8):1152-1161. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12165. Epub 2024 Jul 4.
The present study aims to test a model in which basic psychological needs (BPN) satisfaction in physical-sport activity contexts is associated with self-determined motivation, which, in turn, would predict the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. A total of 286 people with intellectual disabilities (53.5% men) who reported engaging in physical-sport activities responded to a validated questionnaire about the satisfaction of their BPN, motivation (using the Self-determination index [SDI]), and social inclusion. A Pearson's bivariate correlation and structural equation modeling were conducted. The resulting model was reanalyzed in a multigroup analysis to test its invariance across self and proxy reports. Positive associations were found between the satisfaction of the BPN and the SDI. However, the SDI and social inclusion were positively associated only in proxy reports (βself = 0.07 vs. βproxy = 0.30). The tested model established positive relationships between the BPN and SDI in autonomy (βself = 0.21 vs. βproxy = 0.18), competence (βself = 0.47 vs. βproxy = 0.53), and relatedness (βself = 0.21 vs. βproxy = 0.23). Further research is needed to understand the factors leading to discrepancies between participants and proxies when relating the SDI to social inclusion in the context of physical-sport activity. However, the results obtained suggest that it would be optimal to develop contexts of practice for people with intellectual disabilities in which the satisfaction of their BPN is favored and that this has a positive impact on their motivation and social inclusion.
本研究旨在检验一个模型，即身体-运动活动背景下基本心理需求（BPN）的满足与自主动机相关，而自主动机反过来又可以预测智力障碍者的社会包容。共有 286 名智力障碍者（53.5%为男性）报告参加了身体-运动活动，他们对自己的 BPN 满足感、动机（使用自决指数 [SDI]）和社会包容感进行了回答。进行了 Pearson 双变量相关和结构方程建模。对得到的模型进行了多组分析重新分析，以检验其在自我和代理报告之间的不变性。BPN 的满足与 SDI 之间存在正相关。然而，只有在代理报告中，SDI 和社会包容才呈正相关（βself = 0.07 与 βproxy = 0.30）。测试的模型在自主性（βself = 0.21 与 βproxy = 0.18）、能力（βself = 0.47 与 βproxy = 0.53）和关联性（βself = 0.21 与 βproxy = 0.23）方面建立了 BPN 和 SDI 之间的积极关系。需要进一步的研究来理解参与者和代理之间在身体-运动活动背景下将 SDI 与社会包容相关联时产生差异的因素。然而，研究结果表明，为智力障碍者发展有利于满足其 BPN 的实践环境将是最佳选择，这对他们的动机和社会包容有积极影响。
