Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
Braz J Microbiol. 2024 Sep;55(3):2969-2981. doi: 10.1007/s42770-024-01435-6. Epub 2024 Jul 5.
This systematic review compiles reports of clinical pythiosis in horses, mules and donkeys from 1960 to 2023 worldwide, focusing on Brazil. We searched databases and included 71 articles detailing clinical characteristics, geographic distribution, epidemiology, diagnostic methods, therapies, and outcomes. The results showed that publications on equine pythiosis have significantly increased since 2010. Brazil reported the highest incidence, comprising 55% of cases, predominantly in the southern, northeastern, and central-western regions during summer and autumn. Cutaneous pythiosis was the most prevalent form, generally presenting as single lesions in the appendicular region, and affected females more than males. Diagnosis typically involved histopathology, used alone or with other methods. Various treatments have been employed, with surgery, often combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, being the most common. Notably, 80.84% of treated animals recovered, highlighting the effectiveness of these therapies in enhancing survival rates. The limitations of the study included the lack of data in published case reports, which made it difficult to collect and calculate epidemiological data. Additionally, we recognize that pythiosis in Brazil is underreported, since this disease does not have mandatory notification and several cases are not registered and/or reported in the literature. Lastly, it is hypothesized that equid pythiosis may be more widespread than currently known, and its real occurrence in Brazil remains uncertain.
本系统综述汇编了 1960 年至 2023 年全球范围内关于马、骡子和驴的临床浅部利什曼病的报告，重点关注巴西。我们检索了数据库，纳入了 71 篇详细描述临床特征、地理分布、流行病学、诊断方法、治疗方法和结局的文章。结果表明，自 2010 年以来，关于马浅部利什曼病的出版物显著增加。巴西报告的发病率最高，占 55%，主要发生在夏季和秋季的南部、东北部和中西部地区。皮肤浅部利什曼病最为常见，通常表现为四肢单个病灶，且雌性比雄性更易感染。诊断通常涉及组织病理学，单独或与其他方法联合使用。已经采用了各种治疗方法，手术联合化疗和免疫疗法最为常见。值得注意的是，80.84%的治疗动物恢复，这突出了这些疗法在提高生存率方面的有效性。本研究的局限性包括已发表病例报告中缺乏数据，这使得收集和计算流行病学数据变得困难。此外，我们认识到巴西的浅部利什曼病报告不足，因为这种疾病没有强制性报告要求，而且许多病例未在文献中登记和/或报告。最后，据推测，马浅部利什曼病的实际发生情况可能比目前已知的更为广泛，其在巴西的真实发生率尚不确定。
