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TORC2 对于 DNA 损伤响应中 γH2A 的积累是必需的。

TORC2 is required for the accumulation of γH2A in response to DNA damage.

机构信息

Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ranana, Israel.

The Shmunis School of Biomedicine & Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

出版信息

J Biol Chem. 2024 Aug;300(8):107531. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107531. Epub 2024 Jul 4.

Abstract

TOR protein kinases serve as the catalytic subunit of the TORC1 and TORC2 complexes, which regulate cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cells lacking TORC2 or its downstream kinase Gad8 (AKT or SGK1 in human cells) exhibit sensitivity to a wide range of stress conditions, including DNA damage stress. One of the first responses to DNA damage is the phosphorylation of C-terminal serine residues within histone H2AX in human cells (γH2AX), or histone H2A in yeast cells (γH2A). The kinases responsible for γH2A in S. pombe are the two DNA damage checkpoint kinases Rad3 and Tel1 (ATR and ATM, respectively, in human cells). Here we report that TORC2-Gad8 signaling is required for accumulation of γH2A in response to DNA damage and during quiescence. Using the TOR-specific inhibitor, Torin1, we demonstrate that the effect of TORC2 on γH2A in response to DNA damage is immediate, rather than adaptive. The lack of γH2A is restored by deletion mutations of transcription and chromatin modification factors, including loss of components of Paf1C, SAGA, Mediator, and the bromo-domain proteins Bdf1/Bdf2. Thus, we suggest that TORC2-Gad8 may affect the accumulation of γH2A by regulating chromatin structure and function.

摘要

TOR 蛋白激酶作为 TORC1 和 TORC2 复合物的催化亚基,调节细胞生长、增殖和存活。在裂殖酵母 Schizosaccharomyces pombe 中,缺乏 TORC2 或其下游激酶 Gad8(人类细胞中的 AKT 或 SGK1)的细胞对多种应激条件敏感,包括 DNA 损伤应激。DNA 损伤的第一个反应之一是人类细胞中组蛋白 H2AX(γH2AX)或酵母细胞中组蛋白 H2A(γH2A)的 C 端丝氨酸残基磷酸化。负责 S. pombe 中 γH2A 的激酶是两个 DNA 损伤检查点激酶 Rad3 和 Tel1(分别为人类细胞中的 ATR 和 ATM)。在这里,我们报告 TORC2-Gad8 信号对于 DNA 损伤和静止期响应中 γH2A 的积累是必需的。使用 TOR 特异性抑制剂 Torin1,我们证明 TORC2 对 DNA 损伤响应中 γH2A 的影响是即时的,而不是适应性的。转录和染色质修饰因子的缺失突变恢复了 γH2A 的缺乏,包括 Paf1C、SAGA、Mediator 和溴结构域蛋白 Bdf1/Bdf2 成分的缺失。因此,我们认为 TORC2-Gad8 可能通过调节染色质结构和功能来影响 γH2A 的积累。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6e0f/11321321/7194f41bf8be/gr1.jpg

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