Hrbacek Jan, Kacperek Andrzej, Beenakker Jan-Willem M, Mortimer Linda, Denker Andrea, Mazal Alejandro, Shih Helen A, Dendale Remi, Slopsema Roelf, Heufelder Jens, Mishra Kavita K
Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2024 Dec 1;120(5):1307-1325. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.06.017. Epub 2024 Jul 4.
Although rare cancers, ocular tumors are a threat to vision, quality of life, and potentially life expectancy of a patient. Ocular proton therapy (OPT) is a powerful tool for successfully treating this disease. The Particle Therapy Co-Operative Ocular Group) formulated an Evidence and Expert-Based Executive Summary of Current Practices and Future Developments in OPT: comparative dosimetric and clinical analysis with the different OPT systems is essential to set up planning guidelines, implement best practices, and establish benchmarks for eye preservation, vision, and quality of life measures. Contemporary prospective trials in select subsets of patients (eg, tumors near the optic disc and/or macula) may allow for dosimetric and clinical analysis between different radiation modalities and beamline systems to evaluate differences in radiation delivery and penumbra, and resultant tumor control, normal tissue complication rates, and overall clinical cost-effectiveness. To date, the combination of multimodal imaging (fundus photography, ultrasound, etc), ophthalmologist assessment, and clip surgery with radiation planning have been keys to successful treatment. Increased use of three-dimensional imaging (computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging) is anticipated although its spatial resolution might be a limiting factor (eg, detection of flat diffuse tumor parts). Commercially produced ocular treatment-planning systems are under development and their future use is expected to expand across OPT centers. Future continuity of OPT will depend on the following: (1) maintaining and upgrading existing older dedicated low-energy facilities, (2) maintaining shared, degraded beamlines at large proton therapy centers, and (3) developing adapted gantry beams of sufficient quality to maintain the clinical benefits of sharp beam conformity. Option (1) potentially offers the sharpest beams, minimizing impact on healthy tissues, whereas (2) and (3) potentially offer the advantage of substantial long-term technical support and development as well as the introduction of new approaches. Significant patient throughputs and close cooperation between medical physics, ophthalmology, and radiation therapy, underpinned by mutual understanding, is crucial for a successful OPT service.
虽然眼部肿瘤较为罕见,但它们会威胁到患者的视力、生活质量,甚至预期寿命。眼部质子治疗(OPT)是成功治疗这种疾病的有力工具。粒子治疗合作组织(Particle Therapy Co-Operative,PTCOG)制定了眼部质子治疗当前实践和未来发展的循证和专家总结:对不同 OPT 系统的比较剂量学和临床分析对于制定规划指南、实施最佳实践以及建立眼部保护、视力和生活质量措施的基准至关重要。在选定的患者亚组(例如,靠近视盘和/或黄斑的肿瘤)中进行当代前瞻性试验,可能允许对不同辐射模式和射束线系统之间的剂量学和临床分析,以评估辐射传递和半影、以及由此产生的肿瘤控制、正常组织并发症发生率和整体临床成本效益方面的差异。迄今为止,多模态成像(眼底照相、超声等)、眼科医生评估和夹闭手术与放射计划的结合一直是成功治疗的关键。预计会增加对三维成像(计算机断层扫描/磁共振成像)的使用,尽管其空间分辨率可能是一个限制因素(例如,检测平坦弥漫性肿瘤部分)。商业生产的眼部治疗计划系统正在开发中,预计它们将在 OPT 中心得到更广泛的应用。未来 OPT 的连续性将取决于以下几个方面:(1)维护和升级现有的专用低能设施,(2)维护大型质子治疗中心的共享、降级射束线,以及(3)开发具有足够质量的适配龙门架射束,以维持锐利射束一致性的临床益处。方案(1)可能提供最锐利的射束,最大限度地减少对健康组织的影响,而方案(2)和(3)可能提供大量长期技术支持和发展以及引入新方法的优势。大量的患者吞吐量和医学物理学、眼科学和放射治疗之间的密切合作,以及相互理解,对成功的 OPT 服务至关重要。