Deng Mingming, Gu Xiuzhu, Wu Feng
School of Management, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
The Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Process Management & Efficiency Engineering, Xi'an, China.
Ergonomics. 2025 Apr;68(4):549-556. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2374992. Epub 2024 Jul 7.
This experimental research explored background music's influence on the performance of numerical and spatial location working memory of extraverts and introverts. Sixty participants (30 extraverts and 30 introverts) were asked to complete numerical and spatial location working memory tests, under the conditions of background music and silence. Results showed a main negative effect of background music on the participants' performance of spatial location working memory. A significant interaction effect between music and personality (extroversion and introversion) on this performance was also observed. It revealed that a more negative effect of music in introverts as compared with extroverts. In contrast, no main or interaction effect was observed for the performance of numerical working memory. According to the influence of music on working memory, introversion-extraversion personality factors of workers such as cashiers or drivers require consideration.
这项实验研究探讨了背景音乐对性格外向者和内向者数字及空间位置工作记忆表现的影响。60名参与者（30名外向者和30名内向者）被要求在有背景音乐和安静的条件下完成数字及空间位置工作记忆测试。结果显示，背景音乐对参与者的空间位置工作记忆表现有主要负面影响。还观察到音乐与性格（外向和内向）在这一表现上存在显著的交互作用。结果表明，与外向者相比，音乐对内向者的负面影响更大。相比之下，数字工作记忆表现未观察到主要影响或交互作用。根据音乐对工作记忆的影响，收银员或司机等工作者的内向-外向性格因素需要加以考虑。
