Dokania Vivek, Ibrar Md, Vishwakarma Mayashankar
Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Asian Super Specialty Hospital, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.
Department of Radiology, Asian Super Specialty Hospital, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2023 Oct 6;28(3):e537-e542. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1767801. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Submandibular gland fistula (SGF) is a rare subset of salivary gland fistulas. It is seldom tough to diagnose them prior to surgical exploration, and it is often clinically confused with close differentials. An early diagnosis based on pertinent clinical features and focused radiological findings can be pivotal in optimal management and help prevent recurrence and avoid unnecessary investigations/interventions. To review articles that discuss SGF and provide vital etiological, clinical, and imaging features of this rare entity that can aid in early clinical diagnosis. An extensive review involving PubMed and Google Scholar and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Submandibular gland fistula is a rare entity. It can be confused with close differentials, including branchial fistulas, if not thoroughly examined. Discharge from fistulae along with submandibular pain/tenderness and/or swelling are important diagnostic clues. A history of trauma, nodule at the site of discharge, prior submandibular disease/calculi, or discharge aggravated with food further increases a clinical suspicion. Optimal radiological investigation looking for calculi/foreign body and delineating the fistula tract is vital to affirm a diagnosis. Gland with fistula excision is a commonly advocated treatment of choice with no reports of recurrence, although conservative management and gland preserving surgery have also reported a favorable prognosis.
下颌下腺瘘（SGF）是涎腺瘘中的一个罕见类型。在手术探查前，很难对其进行诊断，临床上也常常将其与相近的鉴别诊断混淆。基于相关临床特征和针对性影像学表现进行早期诊断，对于优化治疗至关重要，有助于预防复发并避免不必要的检查/干预。 回顾讨论SGF的文章，并提供这一罕见疾病重要的病因、临床和影像学特征，以辅助早期临床诊断。 进行了一项广泛的综述，涉及PubMed和谷歌学术，并按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）标准进行报告。 下颌下腺瘘是一种罕见疾病。如果检查不彻底，它可能会与相近的鉴别诊断混淆，包括鳃裂瘘。瘘口流出物伴下颌下疼痛/压痛和/或肿胀是重要的诊断线索。外伤史、瘘口处有结节、既往下颌下疾病/结石或进食后流出物增多会进一步增加临床怀疑。寻找结石/异物并描绘瘘管的最佳影像学检查对于确诊至关重要。切除有瘘管的腺体是一种普遍提倡的治疗选择，尚无复发报告，尽管保守治疗和保留腺体的手术也报告了良好的预后。
