Amin Shaimaa Nasr, El-Akabawy Gehan, Abuqasem Mohammad Adel, Al-Rawashdeh Asem Abdullah, Ayyad Maram Mohamed, Ibrahim Ahmad Khalid, AlShawagfeih Ali Mohammad, Ebdah Sara Khaled, AlHajri Rana Jassem, Ismail Ahmed A
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024 Jul 1;17:2655-2670. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S457799. eCollection 2024.
Cognitive flexibility is a mental ability that aids in smoothly alternating between them tasks in the brain. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a, common disorder that has been associated with impairments in cognitive functions. This research is a retrospective case-control study aimed at establishing a clear relationship between cognitive flexibility and diabetes among Jordanians, considering demographic, anthropometric, and therapeutic variables.
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)-64 item and the Trail Making Test (TMT) assessed cognitive flexibility in 268 people with diabetes and healthy control. Demographic, therapeutic data were collected. We also measured waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI). As the variables were non-normally distributed, non-parametric statistical tests were used to examine differences (Kruskal-Wallis) and correlation (Spearman) between variables.
The patient group did worse on the WCST In contrast to the control group, patients exhibited more significant delays for both Part A and Part B of the TMT (p<0.05). Males had higher WCST conceptual level responses than females. In addition, participants with professional jobs showed less delay in TMT Part A (p<0.05). Age was positively correlated with WCST's total errors and TMT's Parts A and B (p<0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with the WCST's conceptual level of responses and positively correlated with TMT's Part B (p<0.05). In addition, urea and albumin levels were positively correlated with TMT's Part A (p<0.05). Furthermore, creatinine was positively correlated with WCST's total errors and TMT's Part A (p<0.05).
Some measures of cognitive flexibility are associated with DM status in the studied sample of Jordanians and other variables (educational levels, occupation, lifestyle, average duration of illness, and age).
认知灵活性是一种有助于大脑在不同任务间平稳切换的心理能力。糖尿病（DM）是一种常见疾病，与认知功能障碍有关。本研究是一项回顾性病例对照研究，旨在考虑人口统计学、人体测量学和治疗变量，明确约旦人群中认知灵活性与糖尿病之间的关系。
采用威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）-64项和连线测验（TMT）对268例糖尿病患者和健康对照者的认知灵活性进行评估。收集人口统计学、治疗数据。我们还测量了腰臀比（WHR）和体重指数（BMI）。由于变量呈非正态分布，采用非参数统计检验来检验变量之间的差异（Kruskal-Wallis检验）和相关性（Spearman检验）。
患者组在WCST上表现较差。与对照组相比，患者在TMT的A部分和B部分均表现出更显著的延迟（p<0.05）。男性的WCST概念水平反应高于女性。此外，从事专业工作的参与者在TMT A部分的延迟较小（p<0.05）。年龄与WCST的总错误数以及TMT的A部分和B部分呈正相关（p<0.05）。BMI与WCST的概念水平反应呈负相关，与TMT的B部分呈正相关（p<0.05）。此外，尿素和白蛋白水平与TMT的A部分呈正相关（p<0.05）。此外，肌酐与WCST的总错误数以及TMT的A部分呈正相关（p<0.05）。
在所研究的约旦人群样本中，一些认知灵活性指标与糖尿病状态以及其他变量（教育水平、职业、生活方式、平均病程和年龄）相关。
