Valizadeh Mojtaba, Ranjgar Babak, Niccolai Alessandro, Hosseini Hamid, Rezaee Soheil, Hakimpour Farshad
Department of Geomatics, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran.
Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, La Masa, 34, Milan, 20156, Italy.
Heliyon. 2024 Jun 12;10(12):e32852. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32852. eCollection 2024 Jun 30.
Nowadays with the increase of high-rise buildings, emergency evacuation is an indispensable part of urban environment management. Due to various disaster incidents occurred in indoor environments, research has concentrated on ways to deal with the different difficulties of indoor emergency evacuation. Although global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) such as global positioning system (GPS) come in handy in outdoor spaces, they are not of much use in enclosed places, where satellite signals cannot penetrate easily. Therefore, other approaches must be considered for pedestrian navigation to cope with the indoor positioning problem. Another problem in such environments is the information of the building indoor space. The majority of the studies has used prepared maps of the building, which limits their methodology to that specific study area. However, in this study we have proposed an end-to-end method that takes advantage of BIM model of the building, thereby applicable to every structure that has an equivalent building information model (BIM). Moreover, we have used a mixture of Wi-Fi fingerprinting and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) method with relatively higher accuracy compared to other similar methods for navigating the user to the exit point. For implementing PDR, we used the sensors in smartphones to calculate user steps and direction. In addition, the navigational information was superimposed on the smartphone screen using augmented reality (AR) technology, thus communicating the direction information in a user-friendly manner. Finally, the AR mobile emergency evacuation application developed was assessed with a sample audience. After an experience with the app, they filled out a questionnaire which was designed in the system usability scale test (SUS) format. The evaluation results showed that the app achieved an acceptable suitability for usage.
如今，随着高层建筑的增多，应急疏散已成为城市环境管理中不可或缺的一部分。由于室内环境中发生各种灾害事件，研究集中在应对室内应急疏散不同困难的方法上。尽管诸如全球定位系统（GPS）之类的全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）在户外空间很有用，但在封闭场所却用处不大，因为卫星信号不易穿透。因此，必须考虑其他方法用于行人导航以解决室内定位问题。此类环境中的另一个问题是建筑物室内空间信息。大多数研究使用已准备好的建筑物地图，这将其方法局限于该特定研究区域。然而，在本研究中，我们提出了一种端到端方法，利用建筑物的BIM模型，从而适用于每个具有等效建筑信息模型（BIM）的结构。此外，我们使用了Wi-Fi指纹识别和行人航位推算（PDR）方法的组合，与其他类似方法相比，该方法在引导用户到达出口点方面具有相对较高的准确性。为了实现PDR，我们使用智能手机中的传感器来计算用户的步数和方向。此外，导航信息使用增强现实（AR）技术叠加在智能手机屏幕上，从而以用户友好的方式传达方向信息。最后，对开发的AR移动应急疏散应用程序进行了样本受众评估。在体验该应用程序后，他们填写了一份以系统可用性量表测试（SUS）格式设计的问卷。评估结果表明，该应用程序达到了可接受的使用适用性。
