Havmøller Linnea Worsøe, Wahyudi Hariyawan Agung, Iqbal Mochammad, Nawangsari Ventie Angelia, Setiawan Johan, Chandradewi Desy Satya, Møller Peter Rask, Træholt Carl, Havmøller Rasmus Worsøe
Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark.
Research and Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo Frederiksberg Denmark.
Ecol Evol. 2024 Jul 4;14(7):e11666. doi: 10.1002/ece3.11666. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Dholes () are endangered large carnivores found in scattered populations in Asia. One of the main threats to dholes is the decreasing prey availability throughout their distribution range. In the present study, we used camera trap data collected over 6 years to investigate the temporal activity patterns of dholes and their putative prey species in Baluran National Park in Java, Indonesia. We also explored the overlap in activity between dholes and the park's other remaining large carnivore the Javan leopard (), as well as humans. Furthermore, we investigated potential differences in activity patterns between dholes in packs and dholes roaming in pairs or alone. We found a high temporal overlap between dholes and their wild ungulate prey species (ranging from Δ = 0.66-0.90), with the lowest overlap observed between dholes and bantengs () (Δ = 0.66), and the highest between dholes and muntjacs () (Δ = 0.90). A very low overlap was found between dholes and domestic cattle () (Δ = 0.27) whereas a moderately high overlap was found between dholes and leopards (Δ = 0.70) and dholes and humans (Δ = 0.62). We found a significant difference in activity patterns between dholes in packs and dholes roaming alone or in pairs (Δ = 0.78, = .01). Single/pairs of dholes were more active both during the day and at night, whereas packs were predominantly active around sunrise and sunset. The high overlap with humans potentially has a negative effect on dhole activity, particularly for dispersing individuals, and the low overlap with domestic species questions the extent to which dholes are considered to predate on them.
豺（Cuon alpinus）是濒危大型食肉动物，分布于亚洲各地，数量稀少。豺面临的主要威胁之一是其分布范围内猎物数量的减少。在本研究中，我们利用6年期间收集的相机陷阱数据，调查了印度尼西亚爪哇岛巴鲁兰国家公园内豺及其假定猎物物种的时间活动模式。我们还探讨了豺与公园内另一种大型食肉动物爪哇豹（Panthera pardus melas）以及人类之间活动的重叠情况。此外，我们调查了群居豺与成对或单独活动的豺在活动模式上的潜在差异。我们发现豺与其野生有蹄类猎物物种之间存在很高的时间重叠（Δ值范围为0.66 - 0.90），其中豺与爪哇野牛（Bos javanicus）之间的重叠最低（Δ = 0.66），与赤麂（Muntiacus muntjak）之间的重叠最高（Δ = 0.90）。豺与家牛（Bos taurus）之间的重叠非常低（Δ = 0.27），而与豹之间的重叠适中（Δ = 0.70），与人类之间的重叠较高（Δ = 0.62）。我们发现群居豺与单独或成对活动的豺在活动模式上存在显著差异（Δ = 0.78，P = 0.01）。单独或成对的豺在白天和夜晚都更活跃，而群居豺主要在日出和日落前后活跃。与人类的高重叠可能对豺的活动产生负面影响，特别是对于正在扩散的个体，而与家养物种的低重叠则质疑了豺捕食它们的程度。
