Past, Present, and Future of Surgical Treatment of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery.

In recent years, with advancements in surgical techniques and the widespread utilization of extracorporeal cardiac assist devices such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), the treatment outcomes for ALCAPA (Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery) have demonstrated significant improvements. However, the surgical indications and methods of ALCAPA, especially the surgical methods of ALCAPA with intramural coronary artery, and whether to treat MR at the same time are still controversial. The long-term prognosis remain discouraging simultaneously, with significant variations in outcomes across different centers. The present review specifically addresses these aforementioned concerns. This article reviews the pathophysiology and classification, diagnosis, indications, surgical strategy and prognosis of ALCAPA. We believe that this review will provide some reference for future researchers and provide new ideas for reducing the adverse prognosis of children with congenital heart disease in future.