Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
J Adolesc. 2024 Oct;96(7):1655-1672. doi: 10.1002/jad.12372. Epub 2024 Jul 8.
Research on heterogeneous pathways in school-to-work transitions (SWT), particularly longitudinal research, has been limited, as have empirical studies examining effective interventions for facilitating multiple SWT pathways among non-engaged youth (NEY), who are generally at risk of being not in education, employment, or training (NEET).
To develop a typology of SWT pathways, we conducted sequence analysis with longitudinal data from a sample of 630 NEY aged 14-29 (M = 19.78; 63.65% males) in Hong Kong during a 22-month period beginning in September 2020. We also performed multinomial logistic regressions to assess the impact of career and life development (CLD) interventions on SWT outcomes.
Our analysis yielded a fivefold typology of SWT pathways: the Employment/Entrepreneurship cluster (31.27%), the Vocational Education and Training cluster (13.49%), the Generic Education cluster (16.83%), the Serious Leisure Development cluster (15.24%), and the long-term NEET cluster (23.17%). NEY in the intervention group receiving CLD services, inspired by the expanded notion of work (ENOW) and youth development and intervention framework (YDIF), demonstrated significantly higher likelihoods of being in the Employment/Entrepreneurship (OR = 34.5, 95% CI [10.53, 105.08]), Generic Education (OR = 3.74, 95% CI [1.81, 7.74]), Vocational Education and Training (OR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.05, 6.26]), and Serious Leisure Development (OR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.04, 4.46]) clusters than the long-term NEET cluster.
Our findings highlight the dynamic, heterogeneous nature of NEY's CLD journeys, including that CLD interventions based on ENOW-YDIF have had a beneficial effect on NEY's multiple SWT pathways.
学校到工作过渡（SWT）的异质途径研究，特别是纵向研究，一直受到限制，而对于促进非参与青年（NEY）多种 SWT 途径的有效干预措施的实证研究也很有限，这些青年通常有不在教育、就业或培训（NEET）之列的风险。
为了制定 SWT 途径的分类法，我们对 2020 年 9 月开始的 22 个月期间，来自香港的 630 名年龄在 14-29 岁（M=19.78；63.65%为男性）的 NEY 进行了纵向数据分析的序列分析。我们还进行了多项逻辑回归分析，以评估职业和生活发展（CLD）干预对 SWT 结果的影响。
我们的分析产生了一个五重的 SWT 途径分类法：就业/创业集群（31.27%）、职业教育培训集群（13.49%）、普通教育集群（16.83%）、严肃休闲发展集群（15.24%）和长期 NEET 集群（23.17%）。接受 CLD 服务的干预组中的 NEY，受到扩展工作概念（ENOW）和青年发展与干预框架（YDIF）的启发，在就业/创业（OR=34.5，95%CI[10.53,105.08]）、普通教育（OR=3.74，95%CI[1.81,7.74]）、职业教育培训（OR=1.55，95%CI[1.05,6.26]）和严肃休闲发展（OR=1.77，95%CI[1.04,4.46]）集群中的可能性明显更高，而不是长期 NEET 集群。
我们的发现强调了 NEY 的 CLD 旅程的动态、异质性质，包括基于 ENOW-YDIF 的 CLD 干预措施对 NEY 的多种 SWT 途径产生了有益的影响。
