Nursing Department, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
College of Nursing, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2024 Jul 8;12:e48802. doi: 10.2196/48802.
Hospitalized patients undergoing surgery or procedures may experience negative symptoms. Music is a nonpharmacological complementary approach and is used as an intervention to reduce anxiety, stress, and pain in these patients. Recently, music has been used conveniently in clinical situations with technology devices, and the mode of providing music is an important factor in technology-based music interventions. However, many reviews have focused only on the effectiveness of music interventions.
We aimed to review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of technology-based music interventions for reducing anxiety and pain among patients undergoing surgery or procedures. We examined the clinical situation, devices used, delivery methods, and effectiveness of technology-based music interventions in primary articles.
The search was performed in the following 5 electronic databases: PubMed, MEDLINE (OvidSP), CINAHL complete, PSYCINFO, and Embase. This systematic review focused on technology-based music interventions. The following articles were included: (1) RCTs, (2) studies using interactive technology (eg, smartphones, mHealth, tablets, applications, and virtual reality), (3) empirical studies reporting pain and anxiety outcomes, and (4) English articles published from 2018 to 2023 (as of January 18, 2023). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.
Among 292 studies identified, 21 met the inclusion criteria and were included. Of these studies, 9 reported that anxiety scores decreased after music interventions and 7 reported that pain could be decreased before, during, and after procedures. The methodology of the music intervention was important to the results on anxiety and pain in the clinical trials. More than 50% (13/21, 62%) of the studies included in this review allowed participants to select themes themselves. However, it was difficult to distinguish differences in effects depending on the device or software used for the music interventions.
Technology-based music interventions could help reduce anxiety and pain among patients undergoing surgery or procedures. The findings of this review could help medical teams to choose a practical methodology for music interventions. Future studies should examine the effects of advanced technology-based music interventions using smart devices and software that promote interactions between medical staff and patients.
接受手术或治疗的住院患者可能会出现负面症状。音乐是非药物的补充疗法，常被用于减轻这些患者的焦虑、压力和疼痛。最近，音乐在临床环境中通过技术设备方便地使用，而提供音乐的模式是基于技术的音乐干预的一个重要因素。然而，许多综述仅关注音乐干预的效果。
我们旨在综述针对手术或治疗患者的焦虑和疼痛的基于技术的音乐干预的随机对照试验（RCT）。我们检查了主要文章中基于技术的音乐干预的临床情况、使用的设备、提供方法和效果。
在以下 5 个电子数据库中进行了搜索：PubMed、MEDLINE（OvidSP）、CINAHL 完整、PSYCINFO 和 Embase。本系统综述专注于基于技术的音乐干预。纳入的文章包括：（1）RCT；（2）使用互动技术（如智能手机、移动健康、平板电脑、应用程序和虚拟现实）的研究；（3）报告疼痛和焦虑结果的实证研究；（4）2018 年至 2023 年（截至 2023 年 1 月 18 日）发表的英文文章。使用 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具版本 2 评估偏倚风险。
在确定的 292 项研究中，有 21 项符合纳入标准并被纳入。其中 9 项研究报告说，音乐干预后焦虑评分降低，7 项研究报告说，在手术前、手术中和手术后可以减轻疼痛。音乐干预的方法学对临床试验中的焦虑和疼痛结果很重要。在本综述中纳入的研究中，超过 50%（13/21，62%）允许参与者自行选择主题。然而，很难根据用于音乐干预的设备或软件的不同来区分效果的差异。
基于技术的音乐干预可能有助于减轻手术或治疗患者的焦虑和疼痛。本综述的结果可以帮助医疗团队选择实用的音乐干预方法。未来的研究应使用促进医护人员和患者之间互动的智能设备和软件，研究先进的基于技术的音乐干预的效果。
