Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10880 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1800, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
Center for HIV Identification, Prevention, and Treatment Services, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Arch Sex Behav. 2024 Oct;53(9):3673-3685. doi: 10.1007/s10508-024-02928-z. Epub 2024 Jul 8.
In the United States, immigrant Latino men who have sex with men (ILMSM) are, compared to white MSM, disproportionately burdened by HIV and lack access to highly effective HIV prevention strategies, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Qualitative research centered on exploring barriers that ILMSM experience in accessing PrEP and other sexual services is extremely limited, despite a high prevalence of HIV in this population. In this study, a purposive sample of ILMSM (n = 25) was recruited to participate in a semi-structured in-depth interview to identify the distinct barriers and facilitators ILMSM experience in accessing sexual health services given their complex intersectional identities of being an immigrant, Latino, and a sexual minority man. Using a thematic analysis approach, nine themes were generated from the data representing barriers and facilitators. Barriers included: (1) cost and a lack of health insurance, (2) complexity of PrEP assistance programs; (3) challenges related to the immigrant experience; (4) impact of gay stigma; and (5) communication challenges. Facilitators included: (1) improving affordability and accessibility of PrEP services; (2) receiving services from LGBT- or Latine LGBT-centered clinics; (3) receiving services from medical providers who are gay and/or Latino; and (4) providing targeted community outreach, education, and promotion of PrEP to ILMSM. While many of the barriers illuminated in the study were structural (e.g., cost and lack of health insurance), and not easy to overcome, the findings highlight a range of facilitators that can support access to PrEP and other sexual health services for ILMSM. Considering these findings, we suggest strategies that may enhance access to needed sexual health services among ILMSM.
在美国,与白人男男性行为者(MSM)相比,与男性发生性关系的移民拉丁裔男性(ILMSM)不成比例地受到 HIV 的困扰,并且无法获得高效的 HIV 预防策略,如暴露前预防(PrEP)。尽管该人群中 HIV 的患病率很高,但以探索 ILMSM 在获得 PrEP 和其他性服务方面所面临的障碍为中心的定性研究极其有限。在这项研究中,招募了一个有目的的 ILMSM 样本(n=25),让他们参与半结构化深入访谈,以确定 ILMSM 在获得性健康服务方面所面临的独特障碍和促进因素,因为他们作为移民、拉丁裔和性少数男性的复杂交叉身份。使用主题分析方法,从数据中生成了代表障碍和促进因素的九个主题。障碍包括:(1)费用和缺乏健康保险,(2)PrEP 援助计划的复杂性;(3)与移民经历相关的挑战;(4)同性恋耻辱感的影响;以及(5)沟通挑战。促进因素包括:(1)改善 PrEP 服务的负担能力和可及性;(2)在 LGBT 或拉丁裔 LGBT 中心诊所接受服务;(3)在同性恋和/或拉丁裔的医疗提供者处接受服务;以及(4)针对 ILMSM 进行目标明确的社区外展、教育和 PrEP 宣传。虽然研究中揭示的许多障碍是结构性的(例如,费用和缺乏健康保险),难以克服,但这些发现强调了一系列促进因素,可以支持 ILMSM 获得 PrEP 和其他性健康服务。考虑到这些发现,我们提出了一些可能增强 ILMSM 获得所需性健康服务的策略。
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