School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China.
Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Jul;31(34):46790-46805. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34213-w. Epub 2024 Jul 8.
Because of their excellent plasticity, phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used in plastic products. However, due to the recognized toxicity of PAEs and legislative requirements, the production and use of emerging PAE alternatives have rapidly grown, such as di-isononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) which are the primary replacements for classic PAEs. Nowadays, PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are frequently found in a variety of environmental media, including the atmosphere, sludge, rivers, and seawater/sediment. PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are involved in endocrine-disrupting effects, and they affect the reproductive physiology of different species of fish and mammals. Therefore, their presence in the environment is of considerable concern due to their potential effects on ecosystem function and public health. Nevertheless, current research on the prevalence, destiny, and conduct of PAEs in the environment has primarily focused on classic PAEs, with little attention given to emerging PAE alternatives. The present article furnishes a synopsis of the physicochemical characteristics, occurrence, transport, fate, and adverse effects of both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives on organisms in the ecosystem. Our analysis reveals that both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives are widely distributed in all environmental media, with emerging PAE alternatives increasingly replacing classic PAEs. Various pathways can transform and degrade both classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives, and their own and related metabolites can have toxic effects on organisms. This research offers a more extensive comprehension of the health hazards associated with classic PAEs and emerging PAE alternatives.
由于邻苯二甲酸酯或邻苯二甲酸酯（PAE）具有优异的可塑性，因此被广泛应用于塑料制品中。然而，由于 PAE 的毒性已得到公认，而且立法要求也越来越严格，因此新兴的 PAE 替代品的生产和使用迅速增长，例如二异壬基环己烷-1,2-二羧酸酯（DINCH）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHTP），它们是经典 PAE 的主要替代品。如今，PAE 和新兴的 PAE 替代品经常出现在各种环境介质中，包括大气、污泥、河流和海水/沉积物。PAE 和新兴的 PAE 替代品具有内分泌干扰作用，会影响不同鱼类和哺乳动物的生殖生理。因此，由于它们对生态系统功能和公共健康的潜在影响，它们在环境中的存在引起了相当大的关注。然而，目前关于 PAE 在环境中的流行程度、命运和行为的研究主要集中在经典 PAE 上，而对新兴的 PAE 替代品关注较少。本文概述了经典 PAE 和新兴的 PAE 替代品在生态系统中对生物体的物理化学特性、发生、传输、命运和不良影响。我们的分析表明，经典 PAE 和新兴的 PAE 替代品都广泛分布于所有环境介质中，新兴的 PAE 替代品正在逐渐取代经典 PAE。经典 PAE 和新兴的 PAE 替代品都可以通过多种途径转化和降解，它们自身和相关代谢物对生物体都具有毒性作用。这项研究提供了对经典 PAE 和新兴的 PAE 替代品相关健康危害的更广泛理解。
