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COVID-19 大流行期间非药物干预措施对呼吸道病毒感染的影响——一项前瞻性基于人群的队列研究。

Influence of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory viral infections - a prospective population-based cohort study.

机构信息

Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany.

出版信息

Front Public Health. 2024 Jun 24;12:1415778. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415778. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415778
PMID:38979040
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11228307/
Abstract

UNLABELLED

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) have been proven successful in a population-based approach to protect from SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a consequential-effect, a reduction in the spread of all respiratory viruses has been observed, but the primary factors behind this phenomenon have yet to be identified. We conducted a subgroup analysis of participants from the ELISA study, a prospective longitudinal cohort study on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, at four timepoints from November 2020 - September 2022. The aim was to provide a detailed overview of the circulation of respiratory viruses over 2 years and to identify potential personal risk factors of virus distribution. All participants were screened using qPCR for respiratory viral infections from nasopharyngeal swabs and answered a questionnaire regarding behavioral factors. Several categories of risk factors for the transmission of respiratory viruses were evaluated using a scoring system. In total, 1,124 participants were included in the study, showing high adherence to governmental-introduced NPI. The overall number of respiratory virus infections was low (0-4.9% of participants), with adenovirus (1.7%), rhino-/enterovirus (3.2%) and SARS-CoV-2 (1.2%) being the most abundant. We detected an inverse correlation between the number and intensity of NPI and the number of detected respiratory viruses. More precisely, the attendance of social events and household size was associated with rhino-/enterovirus infection while social contacts were associated with being positive for any virus. NPI introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the occurrence of seasonal respiratory viruses in our study, showing different risk-factors for enhanced transmission between viruses.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

DRKS.de, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Identifier: DRKS00023418, Registered on 28 October 2020.

摘要

目的：非药物干预（NPI）已被证明在基于人群的方法中可成功预防 COVID-19 大流行期间 SARS-CoV-2 的传播。因此，观察到所有呼吸道病毒的传播都有所减少，但这一现象的主要因素尚未确定。我们对 2020 年 11 月至 2022 年 9 月期间进行的 ELISA 研究（一项关于 SARS-CoV-2 传播的前瞻性纵向队列研究）的参与者进行了亚组分析。该研究旨在提供 2 年来呼吸道病毒循环的详细概述，并确定病毒分布的潜在个人危险因素。所有参与者均通过鼻咽拭子的 qPCR 筛查呼吸道病毒感染，并回答有关行为因素的问卷。使用评分系统评估了呼吸道病毒传播的几个类别的危险因素。共有 1124 名参与者纳入研究，对政府引入的 NPI 具有高度依从性。呼吸道病毒感染的总人数较低（0-4.9%的参与者），其中腺病毒（1.7%）、鼻病毒/肠道病毒（3.2%）和 SARS-CoV-2（1.2%）最为常见。我们发现 NPI 的数量和强度与检测到的呼吸道病毒数量之间存在反比关系。更确切地说，参加社交活动和家庭规模与鼻病毒/肠道病毒感染有关，而社交接触与任何病毒阳性有关。COVID-19 大流行期间引入的 NPI 减少了我们研究中季节性呼吸道病毒的发生，表明不同病毒之间的传播存在增强的危险因素。

试验注册：DRKS.de，德国临床试验注册处（DRKS），标识符：DRKS00023418，于 2020 年 10 月 28 日注册。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b325/11228307/59dea00f4050/fpubh-12-1415778-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b325/11228307/d1ae0492b579/fpubh-12-1415778-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b325/11228307/59dea00f4050/fpubh-12-1415778-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b325/11228307/d1ae0492b579/fpubh-12-1415778-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b325/11228307/59dea00f4050/fpubh-12-1415778-g002.jpg

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