Nano Biosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.
Environ Toxicol. 2024 Nov;39(11):4946-4959. doi: 10.1002/tox.24365. Epub 2024 Jul 9.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have been widely used and are eventually been discharged into the natural aquatic ecosystem. The current study examined and correlated the toxicity of AgNPs and ZnONPs on the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Lethal concentration (LC) was determined with four different concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg/L) of AgNPs and ZnONPs; subsequently, the fishes were exposed to sublethal concentrations for a period of 21 days, and the oxidative stress and antioxidant and nonantioxidant parameters were studied. Results revealed oxidative stress evinced by increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) protein carbonyl activity (PCA), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity, metallothionein (MT) activity, and reduced glutathione in chronic exposure compared with acute exposure. Nonspecific immunological characteristics such as lysozyme (LYZ), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and respiratory burst activity (RBA) were also noticed in the serum. Furthermore, severe histological damages including damages in telangiectasia and epithelial cell hyperplasia were found in the combined treated group with Ag and ZnONPs than in individual treatments. When Ag and ZnONPs were combined, a reduction in the accumulation of Ag was observed in the liver, which increased drastically in individual exposure. The current findings highlight the importance of taking into account the combined exposure and correlation of NPs, their bioavailability, and toxicity in the aquatic ecosystem.
银纳米粒子（AgNPs）和氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnONPs）已被广泛应用，并最终被排放到自然水生生态系统中。本研究考察并关联了 AgNPs 和 ZnONPs 对莫桑比克罗非鱼（Oreochromis mossambicus）的毒性。使用四种不同浓度（0.05、0.10、0.15 和 0.20mg/L）的 AgNPs 和 ZnONPs 确定了致死浓度（LC）；随后，将鱼类暴露于亚致死浓度下 21 天，并研究了氧化应激和抗氧化和非抗氧化参数。结果表明，慢性暴露会导致脂质过氧化（LPO）、蛋白质羰基活性（PCA）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、金属硫蛋白（MT）活性和还原型谷胱甘肽增加，从而产生氧化应激。与急性暴露相比，非特异性免疫特性如溶菌酶（LYZ）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）和呼吸爆发活性（RBA）也在血清中被发现。此外，在 Ag 和 ZnONPs 联合处理组中发现了严重的组织学损伤，包括毛细血管扩张和上皮细胞增生，而在单独处理组中则没有发现这些损伤。当 Ag 和 ZnONPs 联合暴露时，肝脏中 Ag 的积累减少，而在单独暴露时则急剧增加。这些发现强调了在水生生态系统中考虑纳米颗粒的联合暴露和相关性、生物可利用性和毒性的重要性。
