Tan Chenhao, Wang Jinhao, Lu Jiaojiao, Yin Jun, An Yan, Ye Jinglong, Cao Guohuan, Qiu Jun
Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of General Administration of Sport for Exercise Performance Evaluation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2024 Jul 5;17:2603-2617. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S463289. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to assess the structural validity of the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among Chinese professional athletes and examine its test-retest reliability and convergent validity across different timeframes.
581 Chinese professional athletes participated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the Chinese version of the PSQI. Test-retest reliability was assessed over 2 weeks, 1 week, and 2-3 days within a 1-month timeframe. Additional reliability analysis over a 2-day interval was conducted within a 1-week timeframe. Convergent validity was assessed using Chinese versions of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), and actigraphy. A 1-month tracking was conducted, with weekly completion of the PSQI using a one-week timeframe, supplemented by assessments in the second and fourth week using two-week and one-month timeframes. Relationships between weekly results and those over two weeks and one month examined, along with convergent validity, using sleep diary and actigraphy.
The PSQI exhibited a two-factor structure (sleep quality and sleep efficiency), with good model fit (CFI = 0.960, AGFI = 0.924, TLI = 0.925, RMSEA = 0.085). Test-retest reliability was satisfactory for intervals of one week or more (r = 0.721 ~ 0.753). Using a one-week timeframe, the total score and two dimensions exhibited good reliability (r = 0.769 ~ 0.881), but only the total score and sleep quality showed high correlations with ISI and ASSQ (r = 0.701 ~ 0.839). Throughout the tracking, monthly responses correlated well with the most recent weeks (r = 0.732 ~ 0.866).
The PSQI demonstrates a two-factor structure in Chinese athletes, with sleep quality being predominant. Test-retest reliability within a one-month timeframe is unstable, suggesting a one-week timeframe performs better. Distinguishing between the two dimensions, employing shorter timeframes, and incorporating objective measures are recommended.
本研究旨在评估匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）中文版在中国职业运动员中的结构效度，并检验其在不同时间框架内的重测信度和收敛效度。
581名中国职业运动员参与了研究。对PSQI中文版进行了探索性和验证性因素分析。在1个月的时间范围内，分别在2周、1周和2 - 3天的间隔内评估重测信度。在1周的时间范围内，对2天的间隔进行了额外的信度分析。使用中文版的失眠严重程度指数（ISI）、运动员睡眠筛查问卷（ASSQ）和活动记录仪评估收敛效度。进行了为期1个月的跟踪，使用1周的时间框架每周完成PSQI，在第二周和第四周使用2周和1个月的时间框架进行补充评估。使用睡眠日记和活动记录仪检查每周结果与两周和一个月结果之间的关系以及收敛效度。
PSQI呈现出两因素结构（睡眠质量和睡眠效率），模型拟合良好（CFI = 0.960，AGFI = 0.924，TLI = 0.925，RMSEA = 0.085）。1周或更长时间间隔的重测信度令人满意（r = 0.721 ~ 0.753）。使用1周的时间框架，总分和两个维度显示出良好的信度（r = 0.769 ~ 0.881），但只有总分和睡眠质量与ISI和ASSQ显示出高度相关性（r = 0.701 ~ 0.839）。在整个跟踪过程中，每月的回答与最近几周的回答相关性良好（r = 0.732 ~ 0.866）。
PSQI在中国运动员中呈现出两因素结构，其中睡眠质量占主导。1个月时间范围内的重测信度不稳定，表明1周的时间框架表现更好。建议区分两个维度，采用较短的时间框架，并纳入客观测量方法。
