Cohen-Overbeek T, Pearce J M, Campbell S
Ultrasound Med Biol. 1985 Mar-Apr;11(2):329-39. doi: 10.1016/0301-5629(85)90132-2.
A brief discussion of the normal anatomy and physiology relevant to the understanding of blood flow is presented. After a review of previous attempts to measure blood flow in the utero-placental and feto-placental circulation, a description is given of the methods of obtaining Doppler signals from both maternal and fetal vessels. Some of the problems are presented. Flow velocity waveform (FVW) analysis is then presented in normal and in complicated pregnancies. FVW in pregnancies complicated by proteinuric hypertension have arcuate FVWs that demonstrate increased pulsatility and decreased velocities in diastole. These changes are also observed in most pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation and precede changes in the fetal circulation by several weeks. Impaired fetal circulation is demonstrated by low or decreased diastolic velocities in both the descending thoracic aorta and the umbilical artery. An attempt is made to give a pathophysiological understanding for these changes.
本文简要讨论了与理解血流相关的正常解剖学和生理学。在回顾了以往测量子宫 - 胎盘和胎儿 - 胎盘循环中血流的尝试后，描述了从母体和胎儿血管获取多普勒信号的方法。还提出了一些问题。接着介绍了正常妊娠和复杂妊娠中的血流速度波形（FVW）分析。合并蛋白尿性高血压的妊娠中，FVW呈弓形，舒张期搏动性增加，速度降低。在大多数合并宫内生长受限的妊娠中也观察到这些变化，且比胎儿循环变化提前数周。胎儿循环受损表现为降主动脉和脐动脉舒张期速度降低或下降。本文试图对这些变化进行病理生理学解释。
