Drummond R O
Vet Parasitol. 1985 Aug;18(2):111-9. doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(85)90061-5.
A brief history of the development of methods used to apply drugs (commonly called insecticides or acaricides) to domesticated animals for the control of ectoparasites is presented. The focus is on methods used in the United States for treating cattle, sheep and goats, and swine. Details of the evolution of treatment methods are presented for lice, flies, cattle grubs, keds, ticks, and other arthropods. In general, treatment methods have undergone some change over the years; while, in contrast, treatment materials have changed considerably. Three trends in treatment methods become obvious - (1) Gradual reduction in the amount of treatment material applied dermally from spray or dip to pouron, to spoton, and to insecticide-impregnated ear tags, (2) Increasingly wider use of animal systemic insecticides administered orally or percutaneously to control a variety of ectoparasites, and (3) The development of new methods (sustained release devices) to lengthen the residual effectiveness of treatments. Unfortunately, lengthened residual effectiveness may lead to resistance of important ectoparasites to the treatment materials.
本文介绍了用于给家畜施用药物（通常称为杀虫剂或杀螨剂）以控制体外寄生虫的方法的发展简史。重点是美国用于治疗牛、羊、山羊和猪的方法。文中给出了针对虱子、苍蝇、牛蝇蛆、蜱蝇、蜱虫及其他节肢动物的治疗方法演变细节。总体而言，多年来治疗方法有一些变化；相比之下，治疗材料则有很大变化。治疗方法呈现出三个明显趋势——（1）经皮施用的治疗材料量从喷雾或浸浴逐渐减少到浇泼剂、点滴剂，再到杀虫剂浸渍耳标；（2）越来越广泛地使用经口服或经皮给药的动物全身性杀虫剂来控制多种体外寄生虫；（3）开发新方法（缓释装置）以延长治疗的残留效力。不幸的是，延长的残留效力可能导致重要体外寄生虫对治疗材料产生抗性。
