Hiepe T
Department of Parasitology, GDR Humboldt University Berlin.
Angew Parasitol. 1988 Nov;29(4):201-10.
In continuation of a publication on "Large-scale management systems and parasite populations: ectoparasites" in Vet. Parasitol. 11 (1982): 61-68, advances and present state of the control of ectoparasites in herds of cattle, sheep and camels are discussed. An intensified animal production necessitates permanent veterinary control of the status of ectoparasites. Strategically, control is basically directed towards achieving three aims: eradication, reduction of losses by means of dilution of ectoparasites regulations, and therapeutic measures. In the last few years, important progress has been made in effective ectoparasites control, mainly resulting from the discovery of new insecticides and acaricides, the improvement of the application techniques and the recent results in the biological control of arthropods; finally, an immunological approach will open new alternative ways of control. The control of mange and demodicosis in cattle; sarcoptic mange and sucking lice infestations in pigs; mange, biting lice infestations and nasal bots in sheep; ectoparasite infestations in camels and tick infestations are the main topics of the paper. The discovery of Ivermectin, a derivate of Streptomyces avermitilis which is now already fully integrated in to the spectrum of antiparasitic drugs, created a new generation of broad spectrum insecticides/acaricides. Current problems of the chemical control of arthropods, like the risk of residues in meat, milk and their products, the insecticide resistance and the possible environment pollution are critically outlined. But on the other hand, it can be predicted hypothetically that the amount of pest control measures in farm animals will increase in the near future to eliminate arthropods as causes of skin diseases and of damages to hides entailing negative effects on leather processing and as vectors of important infection agents. Finally, the proposal is submitted to elaborate international control programmes against ectoparasite species of global importance.
继《兽医寄生虫学》1982年第11卷第61 - 68页发表的“大型管理系统与寄生虫种群：体表寄生虫”一文之后，本文讨论了牛、羊和骆驼群体表寄生虫控制的进展及现状。集约化动物生产需要对体表寄生虫状况进行持续的兽医监控。从战略上讲，控制主要旨在实现三个目标：根除、通过稀释寄生虫法规减少损失以及采取治疗措施。在过去几年中，体表寄生虫的有效控制取得了重要进展，这主要得益于新杀虫剂和杀螨剂的发现、应用技术的改进以及节肢动物生物防治的最新成果；最后，免疫方法将开辟新的控制途径。牛疥癣和蠕形螨病的控制；猪的疥螨病和吸吮虱感染；羊的疥癣、咬虱感染和鼻蝇蛆病；骆驼的体表寄生虫感染和蜱感染是本文的主要主题。伊维菌素的发现，它是阿维链霉菌的衍生物，现已完全融入抗寄生虫药物谱，开创了新一代广谱杀虫剂/杀螨剂。文中批判性地概述了节肢动物化学控制当前存在的问题，如肉类及奶制品中残留的风险、杀虫剂抗性以及可能的环境污染。但另一方面，可以假设性地预测，农场动物害虫控制措施的数量在不久的将来将会增加，以消除作为皮肤疾病病因、对兽皮造成损害从而对皮革加工产生负面影响以及作为重要感染源传播媒介的节肢动物。最后，本文提议制定针对具有全球重要性的体表寄生虫物种的国际控制计划。
