Department of Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment, University of Cologne, Pohligstraße 1, 50969, Cologne, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 10;14(1):15966. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66364-8.
Action inhibition and error commission are prominent in everyday life. Inhibition comprises at least two facets: motor inhibition and interference suppression. When motor inhibition fails, a strong response impulse cannot be inhibited. When interference suppression fails, we become distracted by irrelevant stimuli. We investigated the neural and behavioural similarities and differences between motor inhibition errors and interference suppression errors systematically from stimulus-onset to post-response adaptation. To enable a direct comparison between both error types, we developed a complex speeded choice task where we assessed the error types in two perceptually similar conditions. Comparing the error types along the processing stream showed that the P2, an early component in the event-related potential associated with sensory gating, is the first marker for differences between the two error types. Further error-specific variations were found for the parietal P3 (associated with context updating and attentional resource allocation), for the lateralized readiness potential (LRP, associated with primary motor cortex activity), and for the P (associated with error evidence accumulation). For motor inhibition errors, the P2, P3 and P tended to be enhanced compared to successful inhibition. The LRP for motor inhibition errors was marked by multiple small response impulses. For interference suppression errors, all components were more similar to those of successful inhibition. Together, these findings suggest that motor inhibition errors arise from a deficient early inhibitory process at the perceptual and motor level, and become more apparent than interference suppression errors, that arise from an impeded response selection process.
动作抑制和错误发生在日常生活中很常见。抑制至少包含两个方面：运动抑制和干扰抑制。当运动抑制失败时，强烈的反应冲动无法被抑制。当干扰抑制失败时，我们会被无关刺激分心。我们系统地从刺激开始到反应后适应研究了运动抑制错误和干扰抑制错误之间的神经和行为相似性和差异。为了能够在两种错误类型之间进行直接比较，我们开发了一个复杂的快速选择任务，在该任务中我们在两个感知相似的条件下评估错误类型。沿着处理流比较错误类型表明，事件相关电位中与感觉门控相关的早期成分 P2 是两种错误类型之间差异的第一个标记。对于顶叶 P3（与上下文更新和注意力资源分配相关）、侧化准备电位（LRP，与初级运动皮层活动相关）和 P（与错误证据积累相关），还发现了特定于错误的其他变化。对于运动抑制错误，与成功的抑制相比，P2、P3 和 P 往往会增强。运动抑制错误的 LRP 特征是多个小的反应冲动。对于干扰抑制错误，所有成分与成功抑制的成分更为相似。总之，这些发现表明，运动抑制错误源于感知和运动层面上早期抑制过程的缺陷，并且比干扰抑制错误更为明显，后者源于反应选择过程的受阻。
