Department of Migration and Urban Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
Department of Fertility & Social Demography, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Jul 10;24(1):1843. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19165-7.
Being older and having a migrant feature might cause a double risk of vulnerability in poor economic, social support, and health status at the place of destination. This study examines the association of migration on the social support and economic condition of older persons in India.
Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave-I (2017-2018) data with total samples of 66,156 older adults aged 45 + with 30,869 and 35,287 male and female samples, respectively, used in this study. Descriptive and bivariate analyses have been performed to examine the pattern of older migrants, and multinomial logistic regression analysis has been used to establish the associations between migration, social support, and economic condition.
Over half (57.5%) of the population aged 45 + in India had migrant characteristics; 80% migrated before 25 years. Of all migrants, about 90% migrated within one state (Intrastate), and 9% migrated to another (Interstate). The association between social support and migration by distance and the adjusted result showed that immigrants were less likely to have medium [RRR = 0.56 (CI; 0.46-0.68)] and high [RRR = 0.39 (CI; 0.30-0.50)] social support. The interstate migrants were also less likely to have high [RRR = 0.90 (CI; 0.83-0.98)] social support. The migrants with 0-9 years of duration were less likely to have high social support, and the urban to rural stream migrants were more likely to have high social support. The association between economic status and migration by distance and the adjusted result showed that more affluent immigrants were likelier to have [RRR = 1.41 (CI; 1.14-1.73)] better economic conditions than affluent non-migrants. Migrants with 0-9-year duration and urban to rural stream were found to be likelier to have better economic conditions.
The findings of this study suggest that distance, duration, and migration stream have a significant association with social support and economic conditions in later life. In exploring migration's effect on social and economic status, policymakers should prioritize migrants in their agenda to maintain socio-economic and social support for older persons in India to achieve the sustainable goal of active and healthy ageing.
在经济、社会支持和健康状况较差的目的地，年龄较大和移民特征可能导致双重脆弱性风险。本研究探讨了移民对印度老年人社会支持和经济状况的影响。
使用印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI）第一波（2017-2018 年）的数据，总样本为 66156 名 45 岁及以上的老年人，其中男性样本 30869 名，女性样本 35287 名。本研究进行了描述性和双变量分析，以检查老年移民的模式，并使用多项逻辑回归分析来确定移民、社会支持和经济状况之间的关系。
印度 45 岁及以上人口中，超过一半（57.5%）具有移民特征；80%的人在 25 岁之前移民。在所有移民中，约 90%的人在一个州内（州内）迁移，9%的人迁移到另一个州（州际）。社会支持与移民距离的关联以及调整后的结果表明，移民获得中[RRR=0.56（CI；0.46-0.68）]和高[RRR=0.39（CI；0.30-0.50）]社会支持的可能性较小。州际移民获得高[RRR=0.90（CI；0.83-0.98）]社会支持的可能性也较小。持续时间为 0-9 年的移民获得高社会支持的可能性较小，而从城市到农村的移民获得高社会支持的可能性较大。经济状况与移民距离的关联以及调整后的结果表明，较富裕的移民更有可能[RRR=1.41（CI；1.14-1.73）]获得较好的经济条件，而较富裕的非移民则不太可能获得较好的经济条件。持续时间为 0-9 年和从城市到农村的移民更有可能获得更好的经济条件。
本研究的结果表明，距离、持续时间和移民流与老年人晚年的社会支持和经济状况有显著关联。在探索移民对社会和经济地位的影响时，政策制定者应将移民作为其议程的重点，以维护印度老年人的社会经济和社会支持，实现积极健康老龄化的可持续目标。
