Lenard Tomasz, Ejankowski Wojciech
Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Laboratory of Research and Nature Protection, Krzczonów, Poland.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Jun 26;15:1384435. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1384435. eCollection 2024.
Global warming affects air and water temperatures, which impacts the phenology of lakes and aquatic ecosystems. These changes are most noticeable during winter, when the potentially toxic forms its inoculum for annual blooms. Mostly, research has been conducted on alpine lakes, where blooms have persisted for decades, while a few have focused on temperate lakes. Our study aimed to determine the factors influencing the dynamics of the development of in temperate lakes where blooms occasionally occur, with a particular emphasis on the role of ice phenology.
We investigated the vertical distribution of in an annual cycle in three temperate lakes. Samples were collected monthly in the winter and biweekly during the vegetative seasons. Overall, 434 samples were collected and analyzed according to biological and chemical parameters. Physical parameters were measured .
The vegetation seasons in temperate lakes showed a similar development pattern in the population as that in alpine lakes. Our results also show the influence of physical and chemical factors on the vertical distribution of this cyanobacterium. These results revealed the significant impact of filaments on phytoplankton biodiversity and biomass. Our data show the role of ice phenology in the establishment of the winter inoculum of and its further mass development until its disappearance in autumn.
A climate-zone-independent pattern of blooms was observed during the vegetation periods. The population of was more influenced by physical factors than by the availability of dissolved nutrients in the water. Despite the same etiology, global warming has been shown to cause different responses in aquatic ecosystems, which affect the different nature of appearances. We associated blooms in temperate lakes, in contrast to alpine lakes, mainly with the presence of ice cover during severe winters, when the species establishes its inoculum. Hence, blooms in temperate lakes occur at different time intervals. Therefore, the dynamics of periodic blooms of in temperate lakes provide novel knowledge to the case study and a counterpoint to permanent blooms found in deep alpine lakes.
全球变暖影响气温和水温，进而影响湖泊及水生生态系统的物候。这些变化在冬季最为显著，此时这种具有潜在毒性的藻类形成年度水华的接种体。大多数研究集中在高山湖泊，那里的水华已持续数十年，而少数研究关注温带湖泊。我们的研究旨在确定影响温带湖泊中该藻类生长动态的因素，这些湖泊偶尔会出现水华，特别强调冰物候的作用。
我们在三个温带湖泊中对该藻类进行了年度周期的垂直分布调查。冬季每月采样，生长季节每两周采样一次。总共采集了434个样本，并根据生物和化学参数进行分析。同时测量了物理参数。
温带湖泊的生长季节中，该藻类种群的发展模式与高山湖泊相似。我们的结果还显示了物理和化学因素对这种蓝藻垂直分布的影响。这些结果揭示了该藻类丝状体对浮游植物生物多样性和生物量的显著影响。我们的数据显示了冰物候在该藻类冬季接种体形成及其进一步大量繁殖直至秋季消失过程中的作用。
在生长季节观察到了与气候带无关的该藻类水华模式。该藻类种群受物理因素的影响大于水中溶解养分的可利用性。尽管病因相同，但全球变暖已被证明会在水生生态系统中引起不同反应，从而影响该藻类出现的不同性质。与高山湖泊不同，我们将温带湖泊中的水华主要与严冬期间的冰盖存在联系起来，此时该物种形成其接种体。因此，温带湖泊中的水华发生时间间隔不同。所以，温带湖泊中该藻类周期性水华的动态为案例研究提供了新知识，并与深高山湖泊中永久性水华形成对比。
