Altinbasak Ismail, Alp Yasin, Sanyal Rana, Sanyal Amitav
Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye.
Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye.
Nanoscale. 2024 Jul 25;16(29):14033-14056. doi: 10.1039/d4nr01423e.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in multifunctional theranostic agents capable of delivering therapeutic payloads while facilitating simultaneous diagnostic imaging of diseased sites. This approach offers a comprehensive strategy particularly valuable in dynamically evolving diseases like cancer, where combining therapy and diagnostics provides crucial insights for treatment planning. Nanoscale platforms, specifically nanogels, have emerged as promising candidates due to their stability, tunability, and multifunctionality as carriers. As a well-studied subgroup of soft polymeric nanoparticles, nanogels exhibit inherent advantages due to their size and chemical compositions, allowing for passive and active targeting of diseased tissues. Moreover, nanogels loaded with therapeutic and diagnostic agents can be designed to respond to specific stimuli at the disease site, enhancing their efficacy and specificity. This capability enables fine-tuning of theranostic platforms, garnering significant clinical interest as they can be tailored for personalized treatments. The ability to monitor tumor progression in response to treatment facilitates the adaptation of therapies according to individual patient responses, highlighting the importance of designing theranostic platforms to guide clinicians in making informed treatment decisions. Consequently, the integration of therapy and diagnostics using theranostic platforms continues to advance, offering intelligent solutions to address the challenges of complex diseases such as cancer. In this context, nanogels capable of delivering therapeutic payloads and simultaneously armed with diagnostic modalities have emerged as an attractive theranostic platform. This review focuses on advances made toward the fabrication and utilization of theranostic nanogels by highlighting examples from recent literature where their performances through a combination of therapeutic agents and imaging methods have been evaluated.
近年来，人们对多功能诊疗试剂的兴趣与日俱增，这类试剂能够运载治疗药物，同时便于对病变部位进行同步诊断成像。这种方法提供了一种全面的策略，在癌症等动态演变的疾病中尤为有价值，因为将治疗与诊断相结合可为治疗规划提供关键见解。纳米级平台，特别是纳米凝胶，因其作为载体的稳定性、可调节性和多功能性而成为有前途的候选者。作为软质聚合物纳米颗粒中经过充分研究的一个亚组，纳米凝胶因其尺寸和化学组成具有固有优势，能够被动和主动靶向病变组织。此外，负载治疗和诊断试剂的纳米凝胶可设计为对疾病部位的特定刺激做出反应，从而提高其疗效和特异性。这种能力使诊疗平台能够进行微调，由于可针对个性化治疗进行定制，因而引起了临床的极大兴趣。根据治疗反应监测肿瘤进展的能力有助于根据个体患者的反应调整治疗方案，这凸显了设计诊疗平台以指导临床医生做出明智治疗决策的重要性。因此，使用诊疗平台将治疗与诊断相结合的做法不断取得进展，为应对癌症等复杂疾病的挑战提供了智能解决方案。在这种背景下，能够运载治疗药物并同时配备诊断手段的纳米凝胶已成为一种有吸引力的诊疗平台。本综述通过突出近期文献中的实例，重点介绍了诊疗纳米凝胶在制备和应用方面取得的进展，这些实例对其通过治疗试剂与成像方法相结合所表现出的性能进行了评估。
