Ye Lingzhi, Qi Shaotian, Cheng Tukang, Jiang Yingqiao, Feng Zemin, Wang Mingyong, Liu Yongguang, Dai Lei, Wang Ling, He Zhangxing
School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
ACS Nano. 2024 Jul 23;18(29):18852-18869. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06675. Epub 2024 Jul 12.
Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has garnered significant attention due to its potential for facilitating the cost-effective utilization of renewable energy and large-scale power storage. However, the limited electrochemical activity of the electrode in vanadium redox reactions poses a challenge in achieving a high-performance VRFB. Consequently, there is a pressing need to assess advancements in electrodes to inspire innovative approaches for enhancing electrode structure and composition. This work categorizes three-dimensional (3D) electrodes derived from materials such as foam, biomass, and electrospun fibers. By employing a flexible electrode design and compositional functionalization, high-speed mass transfer channels and abundant active sites for vanadium redox reactions can be created. Furthermore, the incorporation of 3D electrocatalysts into the electrodes is discussed, including metal-based, carbon-based, and composite materials. The strong interaction and ordered arrangement of these nanocomposites have an influence on the uniformity and stability of the surface charge distribution, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of VRFB are explored through advancements in 3D electrodes, 3D electrocatalysts, and mechanisms. It is hoped that this review will inspire the development of methodology and concept of 3D electrodes in VRFB, so as to promote the future development of scientific energy storage and conversion technology.
钒氧化还原液流电池（VRFB）因其在促进可再生能源经济高效利用和大规模储能方面的潜力而备受关注。然而，电极在钒氧化还原反应中的有限电化学活性对实现高性能VRFB构成了挑战。因此，迫切需要评估电极方面的进展，以激发增强电极结构和组成的创新方法。这项工作对源自泡沫、生物质和电纺纤维等材料的三维（3D）电极进行了分类。通过采用灵活的电极设计和组成功能化，可以创建高速传质通道和丰富的钒氧化还原反应活性位点。此外，还讨论了将3D电催化剂引入电极，包括金属基、碳基和复合材料。这些纳米复合材料的强相互作用和有序排列对表面电荷分布的均匀性和稳定性有影响，从而提高复合电极的电化学性能。最后，通过3D电极、3D电催化剂和机理方面的进展探索了VRFB的挑战和前景。希望这篇综述能激发VRFB中3D电极方法和概念的发展，从而推动科学储能和转换技术的未来发展。
