Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Huaraz, Peru.
Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinar Ciencia y Sociedad, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, Peru.
Glob Chang Biol. 2024 Jul;30(7):e17355. doi: 10.1111/gcb.17355.
Ongoing climate change threatens the biodiversity of glacier-fed river ecosystems worldwide through shifts in water availability and timing, temperature, chemistry, and channel stability. However, tropical glacier-fed rivers have received little attention compared to those in temperate and Arctic biomes, despite their unique biodiversity potentially responding differently due to additional stress from higher altitude locations thus lower oxygen availability, diurnal freeze-thaw cycles, and annual monsoon rainfall disturbances. However, tropical glacier-fed rivers have received little attention compared to those in temperate and Arctic biomes, despite their unique biodiversity potentially responding differently due to additional stress from higher altitude locations thus lower oxygen availability, diurnal freeze-thaw cycles, and annual monsoon rainfall disturbances. This study quantified aquatic biodiversity responses to decreasing glacier cover in the Cordillera Blanca range of the Peruvian Andes. Ten rivers were studied along a gradient of decreasing glacier cover in the Parón, Huaytapallana, and Llanganuco basins, with a specific focus on macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters in both the dry and wet seasons. We found higher temperatures, more stable and lower turbidity rivers as glacier cover decreased, which were related significantly to higher local diversity and lower β-diversity. Analysis of similarity revealed significant differences in the macroinvertebrate community among rivers with high, medium, or low glacier cover, illustrating turnover from specialists to generalists as glacial influence decreased. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that there were more species found to prefer stable beds and water temperatures in medium and low glacier cover in a catchment rivers. However, certain taxa in groups such as Paraheptagyia, Orthocladiinae, Anomalocosmoecus, and Limonia may be adapted to high glacial influence habitats and at risk of glacier retreat. Although species composition was different to other biomes, the Cordillera Blanca rivers showed similar benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity responses to glacier retreat, supporting the hypothesis that climate change will have predictable effects on aquatic biodiversity in mountain ranges worldwide.
持续的气候变化通过改变水的可利用性和时间、温度、化学性质以及河道稳定性，威胁着全球冰川河流生态系统的生物多样性。然而，与温带和北极生物群落相比，热带冰川河流受到的关注较少，尽管它们独特的生物多样性可能会因高海拔地区氧气供应减少、昼夜冻融循环以及年季风降雨干扰等额外压力而产生不同的反应。然而，与温带和北极生物群落相比，热带冰川河流受到的关注较少，尽管它们独特的生物多样性可能会因高海拔地区氧气供应减少、昼夜冻融循环以及年季风降雨干扰等额外压力而产生不同的反应。本研究量化了安第斯山脉秘鲁布兰科山脉冰川退缩对河流水生生物多样性的影响。在帕隆、瓦伊塔帕拉纳和兰加努科流域，沿着冰川覆盖范围逐渐减少的梯度研究了 10 条河流，特别关注干季和湿季的大型无脊椎动物和理化参数。我们发现，随着冰川覆盖范围的减少，水温升高，河流更稳定，浊度更低，这与当地多样性的增加和β多样性的降低有显著的相关性。相似性分析表明，高、中、低冰川覆盖河流的大型无脊椎动物群落存在显著差异，表明随着冰川影响的减少，从专性物种向广适性物种转变。冗余分析表明，在中低冰川覆盖的集水区河流中，有更多的物种被发现更喜欢稳定的河床和水温。然而，某些类群，如 Paraheptagyia、Orthocladiinae、Anomalocosmoecus 和 Limonia，可能适应于高冰川影响的栖息地，并且面临冰川退缩的风险。尽管物种组成与其他生物群落不同，但布兰科山脉的河流表现出与冰川退缩相似的底栖大型无脊椎动物生物多样性响应，支持气候变化将对全球山区水生生物多样性产生可预测影响的假说。
