Ochonye Bartholomew, Sanni Olaniyi Felix, Emmanuel Godwin, Umoh Paul, Kalaiwo Abiye, Abang Roger, Amechi Paul, Ahkigbe Mark, Akinpelumi Shakirat, Motilewa Olugbemi
Research and Development Department, Heartland Alliance, Abuja, Nigeria.
Program Management, USAID, Abuja, Nigeria.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Jul 12;4(7):e0003461. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003461. eCollection 2024.
HIV is a major risk factor for active Tuberculosis (TB.) This raises patients' risk of original infection, reinfection, and TB reactivation. Providing healthcare to KPLHIV in developing countries requires TB prevalence research. This study aims to determine the prevalence of TB and HIV co-infection and associated factors among KPLHIV. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study among KP's living with HIV enrolled on care in One Stop Shop (OSS) of Heartland Alliance Ltd/GTE across six states in Nigeria. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Secondary data analysis of client's records from the RADET files of the KPCARE 1 project from 6 states was conducted. Means with standard deviations were computed for continuous variables like age, and frequency tables were generated for categorical variables. Chi-square tests and t-tests were used for the bivariate analysis of variables. All tests were done at a 5% level of statistical significance (p = 0.05).TB prevalence was 19.1% among KP's living with HIV, with variations observed in age groups, geographic locations, target populations, marital status, educational backgrounds, clinical characteristics, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) history. KPs aged 51 and above exhibited the highest TB prevalence (21.0%), while those aged below 20 years had the lowest (18.2%). Jigawa KPs recorded the highest TB prevalence (38.4%), and Niger had the least (13.3%). TB was more prevalent among People who inject drugs (20.3%), divorced (32.3%), and those who attained Qur'anic education (29.7%). KPs who had to restart ART exhibited the highest TB prevalence (22.0%), whereas those who experienced Interruption in treatment (IIT) reported the lowest at 10.0%. Immune-suppressed KPs (CD4 counts < 200 cells/m3) had a higher TB prevalence of 26.6%. TB prevalence among KPs living with HIV varies greatly, underlining the need for targeted treatments, especially for high-risk categories, to improve HIV treatment outcomes and reduce TB prevalence.
艾滋病毒是活动性结核病（TB）的主要危险因素。这增加了患者初次感染、再次感染和结核病复发的风险。在发展中国家为感染艾滋病毒的关键人群（KPLHIV）提供医疗保健需要进行结核病患病率研究。本研究旨在确定KPLHIV中结核病和艾滋病毒合并感染的患病率及相关因素。这是一项对在尼日利亚六个州的Heartland Alliance Ltd/GTE一站式服务中心（OSS）接受护理的感染艾滋病毒的关键人群进行的回顾性横断面研究。数据使用IBM SPSS 25.0版本进行分析。对来自六个州的KPCARE 1项目RADET文件中的客户记录进行了二次数据分析。对年龄等连续变量计算均值和标准差，对分类变量生成频率表。使用卡方检验和t检验对变量进行双变量分析。所有检验均在5%的统计学显著性水平（p = 0.05）下进行。在感染艾滋病毒的关键人群中，结核病患病率为19.1%，在年龄组、地理位置、目标人群、婚姻状况、教育背景、临床特征和抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）史方面存在差异。51岁及以上的关键人群结核病患病率最高（21.0%），而20岁以下的人群患病率最低（18.2%）。吉加瓦州的关键人群结核病患病率最高（38.4%），尼日尔州最低（13.3%）。结核病在注射吸毒者（20.3%）、离婚者（32.3%）和接受过古兰经教育的人群（29.7%）中更为普遍。必须重新开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的关键人群结核病患病率最高（22.0%），而经历过治疗中断（IIT）的人群报告的患病率最低，为10.0%。免疫抑制的关键人群（CD4细胞计数<200个/立方毫米）结核病患病率较高，为26.6%。感染艾滋病毒的关键人群中的结核病患病率差异很大，这突出表明需要进行有针对性的治疗，特别是针对高危类别，以改善艾滋病毒治疗效果并降低结核病患病率。
