Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institutes of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Parasitol Int. 2024 Oct;102:102922. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102922. Epub 2024 Jul 10.
Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, a food- and water-borne zoonotic protozoan parasite that is able to infect almost all warm-blooded vertebrates. It has a major effect on public health, particularly in underdeveloped nations. Immune-competent individuals typically exhibit no symptoms or experience a mild influenza-like sickness, while there is a possibility of severe manifestation and fatal or high-risk for life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised people like pregnant women and HIV/AIDS patients and lead to severe pathological effects on the fetus.
We conducted a systematic search of databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, EMBASE, and Scopus) using the PRISMA criteria. We used specific keywords such as Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasmosis, pregnant women, prevalence, HIV/AIDS, and worldwide studies published from 2018 to 2022. We use Stata (version 14) software to estimate the pooled prevalence and heterogeneity of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and HIV-infected people using a random-effects model and the Cochran's Q-test, respectively. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument and Egger's regression asymmetry test were used to assess study quality and publication bias, respectively, while the single study omission analysis was used to test the robustness of a pooled estimate.
We included and analyzed a total of 12,887 individuals in this review. The pooled prevalence of T. gondii in this review was 40% (95% CI = 0.31-0.50). The sub-group analysis revealed that the evaluation included 11,967 pregnant women. In pregnant women, the pooled sero-prevalence was 40% (95% CI = 0.31-0.50). In pregnant women and HIV/AIDS patients, 920 individuals were evaluated, and the pooled sero-prevalence was 41% (95% CI = 0.20-0.61).
This review identified an overall sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma infection of 40% among pregnant women and HIV/AIDS. The expansion of prevention and control strategies, with a primary focus on enhancing educational initiatives, is necessary to avoid reactivation and stop the spread of infection, so investigative sero-prevalence is important work among pregnant women and HIV patients. In order to achieve a comprehensive explanation of the disease condition and reach this goal, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in Worldwide for future use.
弓形虫病是由原生动物寄生虫弓形虫引起的，这是一种食源性和水源性的人畜共患原生动物寄生虫，几乎可以感染所有温血脊椎动物。它对公共卫生有重大影响，特别是在不发达国家。免疫功能正常的个体通常没有症状或表现出轻微的流感样疾病，而免疫功能低下的人（如孕妇和 HIV/AIDS 患者）则有可能出现严重表现和危及生命的疾病，导致胎儿严重的病理影响。
我们按照 PRISMA 标准对数据库（PubMed、Google Scholar、Science Direct、EMBASE 和 Scopus）进行了系统检索。我们使用了特定的关键词，如弓形虫、弓形虫病、孕妇、患病率、HIV/AIDS 和全球研究，发表时间为 2018 年至 2022 年。我们使用 Stata（版本 14）软件，分别采用随机效应模型和 Cochrane's Q 检验，估计孕妇和 HIV 感染者中弓形虫病的合并患病率和异质性。使用 Joanna Briggs 研究所批判性评估工具和 Egger 回归不对称检验分别评估研究质量和发表偏倚，使用单研究缺失分析检验合并估计的稳健性。
我们共纳入并分析了本综述中的 12887 人。本综述中 T. gondii 的合并患病率为 40%（95%CI=0.31-0.50）。亚组分析显示，评估包括 11967 名孕妇。在孕妇中，合并血清阳性率为 40%（95%CI=0.31-0.50）。在孕妇和 HIV/AIDS 患者中，评估了 920 人，合并血清阳性率为 41%（95%CI=0.20-0.61）。
本综述确定了孕妇和 HIV/AIDS 患者中弓形虫感染的总血清阳性率为 40%。需要扩大预防和控制策略，重点是加强教育举措，以避免再激活和阻止感染传播，因此调查血清阳性率是孕妇和 HIV 患者的重要工作。为了全面解释疾病状况并实现这一目标，我们在全球范围内进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，以供将来使用。
