Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Acta Trop. 2020 Sep;209:105544. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105544. Epub 2020 May 24.
Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals can be life threatening. The information needed for proper control and management strategies in endemic West African countries is lacking, hence a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women, HIV/AIDs and children in West Africa, Cameroon and Gabon. The epidemiology of the disease published between 1984 and 2019 using PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, AJOL and Google Scholar databases were identified. Studies that met the inclusion criteria of Toxoplasma gondii infections under the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist were analysed. A total of 58 eligible studies were selected for meta-analysis. These studies considered 18,674 hosts and an overall pooled seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies were 45.4, 39.0 and 29.5% for pregnant women, HIV/AIDS patients and children, respectively. Pooled seroprevalence was highest in Gabon and lowest in Mali for pregnant women while highest levels of seropositivity for anti-T. gondii antibodies for HIV/AIDS individuals and children were both observed in Ghana. The major risk factors associated with anti-T. gondii seropositivity were gravida status, contact with cats, consumption of raw vegetables and /fruits, age and CD4 counts. More studies are needed to determine seroconversion rate. Improved sensitization among immunocompromised patients on T. gondii and its risk factors will be an efficient method to reducing the prevalence of the disease. One Health interventions involving transdisciplinary, integrative research and capacity building are necessary to address the problem of toxoplasmosis in West Africa.
免疫功能低下者的弓形虫病可能会危及生命。在西非地方性流行国家，缺乏适当控制和管理策略所需的信息，因此进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。本研究旨在确定西非喀麦隆和加蓬的孕妇、艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者和儿童的抗弓形体血清流行率。使用 PubMed、Web of Science、Ovid MEDLINE、AJOL 和 Google Scholar 数据库，确定了 1984 年至 2019 年发表的有关该疾病的流行病学研究。分析了符合弓形体感染的首选报告项目（PRISMA）清单的纳入标准的研究。共有 58 项符合条件的研究进行了荟萃分析。这些研究考虑了 18674 名宿主，孕妇、艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者和儿童的总抗弓形体抗体阳性率分别为 45.4%、39.0%和 29.5%。孕妇中，加蓬的血清流行率最高，马里的最低；艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者和儿童的抗弓形体抗体血清阳性率最高的都是加纳。与抗弓形体血清阳性相关的主要危险因素是妊娠次数、与猫接触、食用生蔬菜和/水果、年龄和 CD4 计数。需要更多的研究来确定血清转化率。提高免疫功能低下患者对弓形体及其危险因素的认识将是降低该病发病率的有效方法。需要开展涉及跨学科、综合研究和能力建设的“同一健康”干预措施，以解决西非的弓形体病问题。
