Thomatou Anna-Akrivi, Mazarakioti Eleni C, Zotos Anastasios, Kokkotos Efthimios, Kontogeorgos Achilleas, Patakas Angelos, Ladavos Athanasios
Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece.
Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece.
Foods. 2024 Jul 2;13(13):2107. doi: 10.3390/foods13132107.
Adulteration of high-value agricultural products is a critical issue worldwide for consumers and industries. Discrimination of the geographical origin can verify food authenticity by reducing risk and detecting adulteration. Between agricultural products, beans are a very important crop cultivated worldwide that provides food rich in iron and vitamins, especially for people in third-world countries. The aim of this study is the construction of a map of the locally characteristic isotopic fingerprint of giant beans, "Fasolia Gigantes-Elefantes PGI", a Protected Geographical Indication product cultivated in the region of Kastoria and Prespes, Western Macedonia, Greece, with the ultimate goal of the discrimination of beans from the two areas. In total, 160 samples were collected from different fields in the Prespes region and 120 samples from Kastoria during each cultivation period (2020-2021 and 2021-2022). The light element (C, N, and S) isotope ratios were measured using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS), and the results obtained were analyzed using chemometric techniques, including a one-way ANOVA and Binomial logistic regression. The mean values from the one-way ANOVA were N = 1.875‱, C = -25.483‱, and S = 4.779‱ for Kastoria and N = 1.654‱, C = -25.928‱, and S = -0.174‱ for Prespes, and showed that stable isotope ratios of C and S were statistically different for the areas studied while the Binomial logistic regression analysis that followed correctly classified more than 78% of the samples.
高价值农产品掺假是一个对全球消费者和行业都至关重要的问题。地理来源鉴别可以通过降低风险和检测掺假来验证食品的真实性。在农产品中，豆类是一种在全球广泛种植的非常重要的作物，它能提供富含铁和维生素的食物，尤其对于第三世界国家的人们来说。本研究的目的是构建一幅巨型豆“Fasolia Gigantes - Elefantes PGI”（一种受保护的地理标志产品，在希腊西马其顿的卡斯托里亚和普雷斯佩地区种植）的本地特征同位素指纹图谱，最终目标是鉴别来自这两个地区的豆类。在每个种植期（2020 - 2021年和2021 - 2022年），总共从普雷斯佩地区的不同田地采集了160个样本，从卡斯托里亚采集了120个样本。使用同位素比率质谱仪（IRMS）测量了轻元素（碳、氮和硫）的同位素比率，并使用化学计量学技术对所得结果进行了分析，包括单因素方差分析和二项逻辑回归。单因素方差分析的平均值显示，卡斯托里亚地区的氮为1.875‱、碳为 - 25.483‱、硫为4.779‱，普雷斯佩地区的氮为1.654‱、碳为 - 25.928‱、硫为 - 0.174‱，这表明所研究地区的碳和硫稳定同位素比率在统计学上存在差异，随后的二项逻辑回归分析正确分类了超过78%的样本。
