Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, St. Petersburg 190013, Russia.
Molecules. 2024 Jun 26;29(13):3025. doi: 10.3390/molecules29133025.
Nucleic acid chemistry is a huge research area that has received new impetus due to the recent explosive success of oligonucleotide therapy. In order for an oligonucleotide to become clinically effective, its monomeric parts are subjected to modifications. Although a large number of redesigned natural nucleic acids have been proposed in recent years, the vast majority of them are combinations of simple modifications proposed over the past 50 years. This review is devoted to the main modifications of the sugar phosphate backbone of natural nucleic acids known to date. Here, we propose a systematization of existing knowledge about modifications of nucleic acid monomers and an acceptable classification from the point of view of chemical logic. The visual representation is intended to inspire researchers to create a new type of modification or an original combination of known modifications that will produce unique oligonucleotides with valuable characteristics.
核酸化学是一个巨大的研究领域，由于寡核苷酸治疗的近期爆炸性成功，它获得了新的动力。为了使寡核苷酸在临床上有效，其单体部分需要进行修饰。尽管近年来已经提出了大量重新设计的天然核酸，但其中绝大多数是过去 50 年提出的简单修饰的组合。这篇综述致力于对迄今为止已知的天然核酸糖磷酸骨架的主要修饰进行分类。在这里，我们提出了对核酸单体修饰的现有知识进行系统分类，并从化学逻辑的角度提出了一种可接受的分类方法。这种可视化表示旨在启发研究人员创造一种新的修饰类型或已知修饰的原始组合，从而产生具有有价值特性的独特寡核苷酸。
