Zhou Xiao, Jiang Lijuan, Li Peiwang, Chen Jingzhen, Chen Yunzhu, Yang Yan, Zhang Luhong, Ji Yuena, Xiao Zhihong, Sheng Kezhai, Sheng Xiaoqian, Yao Hui, Liu Qiang, Li Changzhu
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410018, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Jun 27;13(13):1781. doi: 10.3390/plants13131781.
The (soapberry) kernel is rich in oil that has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, promotes cell proliferation, cell migration, and stimulates skin wound-healing effects. oil has excellent lubricating properties and is a high-quality raw material for biodiesel and premium lubricants, showing great potential in industrial and medical applications. Metabolite and transcriptome analysis revealed patterns of oil accumulation and composition and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during seed development. Morphological observations of soapberry fruits at different developmental stages were conducted, and the oil content and fatty acid composition of the kernels were determined. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on kernels at 70, 100, and 130 days after flowering (DAF). The oil content of soapberry kernels was lowest at 60 DAF (5%) and peaked at 130 DAF (31%). Following soapberry fruit-ripening, the primary fatty acids in the kernels were C18:1 (oleic acid) and C18:3 (linolenic acid), accounting for an average proportion of 62% and 18%, respectively. The average contents of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in the kernel were 86% and 14%, respectively. Through the dynamic changes in fatty acid composition and DEGs analysis of soapberry kernels, , , , and were identified as candidate genes contributing to a high proportion of C18:1 and C18:3, while emerged as a key candidate gene for TAG biosynthesis. The combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolism unveiled the molecular mechanism of oil accumulation, leading to the creation of a metabolic pathway pattern diagram for oil biosynthesis in kernels. The study of soapberry fruit development, kernel oil accumulation, and the molecular mechanism of oil biosynthesis holds great significance in increasing oil yield and improving oil quality.
无患子籽富含具有抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化特性的油脂，能促进细胞增殖、细胞迁移，并具有刺激皮肤伤口愈合的作用。无患子籽油具有优异的润滑性能，是生物柴油和优质润滑剂的优质原料，在工业和医疗应用中显示出巨大潜力。代谢物和转录组分析揭示了种子发育过程中油脂积累、组成模式以及差异表达基因（DEGs）。对不同发育阶段的无患子果实进行了形态观察，并测定了籽仁的油含量和脂肪酸组成。在开花后70、100和130天对籽仁进行了转录组测序。无患子籽仁的油含量在开花后60天最低（5%），在开花后130天达到峰值（31%）。无患子果实成熟后，籽仁中的主要脂肪酸为C18:1（油酸）和C18:3（亚麻酸），平均比例分别为62%和18%。籽仁中不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的平均含量分别为86%和14%。通过对无患子籽仁脂肪酸组成的动态变化和DEGs分析， 、 、 、 和 被鉴定为导致C18:1和C18:3比例较高的候选基因，而 则成为TAG生物合成的关键候选基因。转录组和代谢的联合分析揭示了油脂积累的分子机制，从而构建了无患子籽仁油脂生物合成的代谢途径模式图。对无患子果实发育、籽仁油脂积累及油脂生物合成分子机制的研究，对提高油脂产量和改善油脂品质具有重要意义。
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