Djalovic Ivica, Prasad P V Vara, Dunđerski Dušan, Katanski Snežana, Latković Dragana, Kolarić Ljubiša
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Jun 29;13(13):1799. doi: 10.3390/plants13131799.
Plant density, the number of plants per unit area, is an important factor in maize production. Plant density exhibits high variability and depends on a number of factors, i.e., the length of the growing period of the hybrid, the morphological characteristics of the plant, the amount and distribution of precipitation during the growing season, the reserve of winter moisture in the soil, the level of soil fertility, the time of sowing, agronomic management practices, and biomass and yield. The objective of this paper was to determine the agronomic optimal plant density for maize in calcareous soil in the semiarid conditions of the South Pannonian Basin. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental field-IFVCNS (two locations: Rimski Šančevi and Srbobran) to evaluate four plant densities (55,000; 65,000; 75,000; and 85,000 plants ha). The experimental sites "Rimski Šančevi" and "Srbobran" are located in the typical chernozem zone of the southern part of the Pannonian Basin. On average for all hybrids, the grain yield followed a second-degree polynomial model in response to the increasing planting density, with the highest value at plant density (PD2: 65,000 plants ha). To achieve maximum yield, the optimal planting density for corn hybrids of the FAO 200 group should be 57,600 plants ha, for the FAO 300 group 64,300 plants ha, for the FAO 400 group 68,700 plants ha, for the FAO 500 group 66,800 plants ha, and for the FAO 600 group 63,500 plants ha. "Which-Won-Where" biplot showed that the hybrid H24 from FAO 600 group was the highest yielding in all of the environments. Hybrid H17 from the same FAO group was the most stable across all of the environments. Selected hybrids may further be studied for planting density and nutritional requirements for getting maximum yield. By introducing new maize hybrids with higher genetic yield potential and better agronomic management practices, modern mechanization and agricultural techniques allowed to increase planting densities.
种植密度，即单位面积内的植株数量，是玉米生产中的一个重要因素。种植密度具有高度变异性，并且取决于许多因素，即杂交种生育期的长短、植株的形态特征、生长季节降水量的多少和分布、土壤冬季储水量、土壤肥力水平、播种时间、农艺管理措施以及生物量和产量。本文的目的是确定南潘诺尼亚盆地半干旱条件下石灰性土壤中玉米的农艺最佳种植密度。在实验田-IFVCNS（两个地点：里姆斯基·尚切维（Rimski Šančevi）和斯尔博布兰（Srbobran））进行了田间试验，以评估四种种植密度（55,000、65,000、75,000和85,000株/公顷）。实验地点“里姆斯基·尚切维”和“斯尔博布兰”位于潘诺尼亚盆地南部典型的黑钙土区。对于所有杂交种而言，平均而言，随着种植密度的增加，籽粒产量遵循二次多项式模型，在种植密度为65,000株/公顷（PD2）时产量最高。为实现最高产量，粮农组织200组玉米杂交种的最佳种植密度应为57,600株/公顷，粮农组织300组为64,300株/公顷，粮农组织400组为68,700株/公顷，粮农组织500组为66,800株/公顷，粮农组织600组为63,500株/公顷。“哪一个-在哪赢”双标图显示，粮农组织600组的杂交种H24在所有环境中产量最高。来自同一粮农组织组的杂交种H17在所有环境中最稳定。为获得最高产量，可进一步研究所选杂交种的种植密度和营养需求。通过引入具有更高遗传产量潜力的新玉米杂交种和更好的农艺管理措施，现代机械化和农业技术使得种植密度得以提高。
