Kim Kyung-Hee, Lee Byung-Moo
Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Oct 12;12(20):3548. doi: 10.3390/plants12203548.
Climate change is affecting all regions of the world with different climates, and the scale of damage is increasing due to the occurrence of various natural disasters. In particular, maize production is highly affected by abnormal climate events such as heat waves and droughts. Increasing temperatures can accelerate growth and shorten the growing season, potentially reducing productivity. Additionally, enhanced temperatures during the ripening period can accelerate the process, reducing crop yields. In addition, drought stress due to water deficit can greatly affect seedling formation, early plant growth, photosynthesis, reproductive growth, and yield, so proper water management is critical to maize growth. Maize, in particular, is tall and broad-leaved, so extreme drought stress at planting can cause leaves to curl and stunt growth. It is important to understand that severe drought can have a detrimental effect on the growth and reproduction of maize. In addition, high temperatures caused by drought stress can inhibit the induction of flowering in male flowers and cause factors that interfere with pollen development. It is therefore important to increase the productivity of all food crops, including maize, while maintaining them in the face of persistent drought caused by climate change. This requires a strategy to develop genetically modified crops and drought-tolerant maize that can effectively respond to climate change. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of climate change and drought tolerance on maize growth. We also reviewed molecular breeding techniques to develop drought-tolerant maize varieties in response to climate change.
气候变化正在影响世界上所有气候各异的地区，并且由于各种自然灾害的发生，破坏规模正在扩大。特别是，玉米生产受到热浪和干旱等异常气候事件的严重影响。气温升高会加速生长并缩短生长季节，可能降低生产力。此外，成熟期温度升高会加速这一过程，降低作物产量。此外，水分亏缺导致的干旱胁迫会极大地影响幼苗形成、植株早期生长、光合作用、生殖生长和产量，因此适当的水分管理对玉米生长至关重要。特别是玉米植株高大且叶片宽阔，种植时极端干旱胁迫会导致叶片卷曲并阻碍生长。必须认识到，严重干旱会对玉米的生长和繁殖产生不利影响。此外，干旱胁迫引起的高温会抑制雄花开花诱导，并产生干扰花粉发育的因素。因此，在面对气候变化导致的持续干旱时，提高包括玉米在内的所有粮食作物的生产力并维持其产量非常重要。这需要一种策略来开发转基因作物和耐旱玉米，以有效应对气候变化。本文的目的是研究气候变化和耐旱性对玉米生长的影响。我们还综述了为应对气候变化而培育耐旱玉米品种的分子育种技术。
