Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), E-08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 26;25(13):6967. doi: 10.3390/ijms25136967.
The treatment of unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer has evolved over the last two decades, as knowledge of cancer biology has broadened and new targets have emerged. 'The Hallmarks of Cancer' illustrate the crucial capabilities acquired by cells to become malignant and represent the evolution of knowledge of tumor biology. This review integrates these novel targets and therapies into selected hallmarks: sustaining proliferative signaling, inducing vasculature, avoiding immune destruction, genome instability and mutation, reprogramming cellular metabolism, and resisting cell death. The different strategies and combinations under study are based on treatments with anti-EGFR, anti-VEGF, and anti-HER2 agents, KRAS G12C inhibitors, BRAF and MEK inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, new approaches are emerging, including vaccines, WEE1 inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors, among others. The further deciphering of cancer biology will unravel new targets, develop novel therapies, and improve patients' outcomes.
在过去的二十年中，随着癌症生物学知识的扩展和新靶点的出现，不可切除的转移性结直肠癌的治疗方法也在不断发展。“癌症的标志”说明了细胞获得恶性的关键能力，代表了肿瘤生物学知识的发展。这篇综述将这些新的靶点和治疗方法整合到选定的标志中：维持增殖信号、诱导血管生成、避免免疫破坏、基因组不稳定和突变、重新编程细胞代谢以及抵抗细胞死亡。正在研究的不同策略和组合基于针对 EGFR、VEGF 和 HER2 靶点的治疗、KRAS G12C 抑制剂、BRAF 和 MEK 抑制剂以及免疫检查点抑制剂。然而，新的方法正在出现，包括疫苗、WEE1 抑制剂和 PARP 抑制剂等。进一步解析癌症生物学将揭示新的靶点，开发新的治疗方法，并改善患者的预后。
