Addario D
J Clin Psychiatry. 1985 Oct;46(10 Pt 2):46-56.
A spectrum exists from change, to crisis, to turmoil, and, at times, to illness at watersheds in the life cycle. Affective experience can be a mobilizing factor and emotional catalyst in the growth experience or a devastating psychotic mood disturbance when predisposing life events and genetic disposition are operational. This paper reviews the dynamics of biologic systems, chronobiology, and time-related transitions of the developmental experience. The relationship of a developmental time clock to affective phenomenology and clinical affective disorder is discussed and presented in two case vignettes. Developmental theory and the interface between life events, stress, and affective illness are reviewed and a concept of development as a sequence of affective cycles is presented.
从变化到危机，再到混乱，有时甚至到生命周期中关键节点的疾病，存在着一个连续谱。情感体验在成长经历中可以是一个动员因素和情感催化剂，而当易感生活事件和遗传倾向起作用时，也可能是一种毁灭性的精神病性情绪障碍。本文回顾了生物系统、生物钟学以及发育经历中与时间相关的转变的动态变化。在两个病例 vignettes 中讨论并呈现了发育时钟与情感现象学及临床情感障碍之间的关系。回顾了发育理论以及生活事件、压力和情感疾病之间的界面，并提出了将发育视为一系列情感周期的概念。
