Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, 58-1 Mase, Hamadate Aomori, Hamadate, 030-8505, Aomori, Japan.
Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2024 Sep;79(3):693-699. doi: 10.1007/s11130-024-01210-w. Epub 2024 Jul 13.
Apple pomace is the residue left after apples are squeezed. The majority of pomace produced worldwide is produced by the apple manufacturing industry, however, most of the pomace produced by the industry is discarded. Apple pomace contains functional ingredients, such as polyphenols and triterpenoids, and exerts several beneficial effects on human health; however, studies on its cosmetic effects on the skin are lacking. Therefore, herein, we investigated the effects of apple pomace extract (APE) on human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) in vitro. When HSFs were cultured with the extract for 72 h, the number of HSFs increased at concentrations of 10 and 20 µg/mL. Transcriptome analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results revealed that the extract upregulated the expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 1, HAS2, and HAS3 and downregulated the expression of HYAL1, a gene encoding the hyaluronan-degrading enzyme, in HSFs. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed increased amounts of factors related to skin extracellular matrix, such as type I collagen and hyaluronic acid, secreted in the culture supernatant. The western blotting results suggested that the extract induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B phosphorylation in HSFs. Additionally, several GO_Terms related to mitosis were detected in the Gene Ontology analysis. This is the first study to show that APE induces the proliferation of HSFs and production of factors related to skin anti-aging.
苹果渣是压榨苹果后剩下的残渣。世界上大部分的苹果渣是由苹果制造业产生的，但该行业产生的大部分苹果渣都被丢弃了。苹果渣含有功能性成分，如多酚和三萜类化合物，对人体健康有多种有益作用；然而，关于其对皮肤的美容作用的研究还很少。因此，本文研究了苹果渣提取物（APE）对体外人皮肤成纤维细胞（HSF）的影响。当 HSF 用提取物培养 72 小时时，在 10 和 20 µg/mL 的浓度下 HSF 的数量增加。转录组分析和逆转录定量 PCR 结果表明，提取物上调了透明质酸合酶（HAS）1、HAS2 和 HAS3 的表达，并下调了 HSF 中编码透明质酸降解酶的 HYAL1 基因的表达。此外，酶联免疫吸附试验显示，培养上清液中分泌的与皮肤细胞外基质相关的因子，如 I 型胶原蛋白和透明质酸的量增加。Western blot 结果表明，提取物诱导 HSF 中细胞外信号调节激酶和蛋白激酶 B 的磷酸化。此外，在基因本体论分析中还检测到了与有丝分裂相关的几个 GO_Terms。这是第一项表明 APE 诱导 HSF 增殖和产生与皮肤抗老化相关因子的研究。
