Wagner M E, Schubert H J, Schubert D S
J Genet Psychol. 1985 Mar;146(1):65-78. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1985.9923449.
Larger families are more frequent with early marriage and rapid birth of the first child. In larger families, child rearing becomes more rule ridden, less individualized, with corporal punishment and less investment of resources. Smaller families tend to result in higher IQ, academic achievement, and occupational performance. Large families produce more delinquents and alcoholics. Perinatal morbidity and mortality rates are higher in large families as birth weights decrease. Mothers of large families are at higher risk of several physical diseases. Common methodological errors are indicated and exemplary studies are described.
早婚和头胎快速生育的情况下，大家庭更为常见。在大家庭中，育儿变得更受规则约束，个性化程度更低，存在体罚现象且资源投入较少。小家庭往往会带来更高的智商、学业成就和职业表现。大家庭会产生更多违法者和酗酒者。随着出生体重下降，大家庭的围产期发病率和死亡率更高。大家庭的母亲患多种身体疾病的风险更高。文中指出了常见的方法学错误并描述了一些典型研究。
