Departments of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
Departments of Cardiology and Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2024 Oct;34(10):2353-2359. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.06.004. Epub 2024 Jun 13.
Correction of calcium and protein undernutrition using milk, yoghurt, and cheese in older adults in aged care homes is associated with reduced fractures and falls. However, these foods contain potentially atherogenic fats. We aimed to determine whether this intervention that increased dairy consumption to recommended levels adversely affects serum lipid profiles.
This was a sub-group analysis of a 2-year cluster-randomised trial involving 60 aged care homes in Australia. Thirty intervention homes provided additional milk, yoghurt, and cheese on menus while 30 control homes continued with their usual menus. A sample of 159 intervention and 86 controls residents (69% female, median age 87.8 years) had dietary intakes recorded using plate waste analysis and fasting serum lipids measured at baseline and 12 months. Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and use of relevant medications were determined from medical records. Outcome measures were serum total, HDL and LDL cholesterol and ApoA-1 & B. Intervention increased daily dairy servings from 1.9 ± 1.0 to 3.5 ± 1.4 (p < 0.001) while controls continued daily intakes of ≤2 servings daily (1.7 ± 1.0 to 2.0 ± 1.0 (p = 0.028). No group differences were observed for serum total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-C (TC/HDL-C) ratio, Apoprotein B/Apoprotein A-1 (ApoB/ApoA-1) ratio, low-density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C), non-HDL-C, or triglycerides (TGs) at 12 months.
Among older adults in aged care homes, correcting insufficiency in intakes of calcium and protein using milk, yoghurt and cheese does not alter serum lipid levels, suggesting that this is a suitable intervention for reducing the risk of falls and fractures.
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12613000228785) 2012; https://www.anzctr.org.au.
在养老院中的老年人中，通过牛奶、酸奶和奶酪来纠正钙和蛋白质的营养不良与减少骨折和跌倒有关。然而，这些食物含有潜在的动脉粥样硬化脂肪。我们旨在确定这种增加乳制品摄入量达到推荐水平的干预措施是否会对血清脂质谱产生不利影响。
这是一项为期 2 年的集群随机试验的亚组分析，涉及澳大利亚的 60 家养老院。30 家干预性养老院在菜单中提供了额外的牛奶、酸奶和奶酪，而 30 家对照性养老院则继续使用他们的常规菜单。对 159 名干预组和 86 名对照组居民（69%为女性，中位年龄 87.8 岁）的饮食摄入量进行了记录，使用餐盘浪费分析，空腹血清脂质在基线和 12 个月时进行了测量。心血管疾病的诊断和相关药物的使用是从病历中确定的。观察指标是血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及载脂蛋白 A-1 和 B。干预组每天的乳制品摄入量从 1.9±1.0 增加到 3.5±1.4（p<0.001），而对照组每天的摄入量仍保持在≤2 份（1.7±1.0 至 2.0±1.0，p=0.028）。在 12 个月时，两组之间的血清总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（TC/HDL-C）比值、载脂蛋白 B/载脂蛋白 A-1（ApoB/ApoA-1）比值、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇或甘油三酯（TGs）均无差异。
在养老院中的老年人中，使用牛奶、酸奶和奶酪纠正钙和蛋白质摄入不足不会改变血清脂质水平，这表明这是一种减少跌倒和骨折风险的合适干预措施。
澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验注册中心（ACTRN12613000228785），2012 年；https://www.anzctr.org.au。
