National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Jul 15;24(1):668. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05161-x.
Biofortification represents a promising and sustainable strategy for mitigating global nutrient deficiencies. However, its successful implementation poses significant challenges. Among staple crops, wheat emerges as a prime candidate to address these nutritional gaps. Wheat biofortification offers a robust approach to enhance wheat cultivars by elevating the micronutrient levels in grains, addressing one of the most crucial global concerns in the present era.
Biofortification is a promising, but complex avenue, with numerous limitations and challenges to face. Notably, micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and copper (Cu) can significantly impact human health. Improving Fe, Zn, Se, and Cu contents in wheat could be therefore relevant to combat malnutrition. In this review, particular emphasis has been placed on understanding the extent of genetic variability of micronutrients in diverse Triticum species, along with their associated mechanisms of uptake, translocation, accumulation and different classical to advanced approaches for wheat biofortification.
By delving into micronutrient variability in Triticum species and their associated mechanisms, this review underscores the potential for targeted wheat biofortification. By integrating various approaches, from conventional breeding to modern biotechnological interventions, the path is paved towards enhancing the nutritional value of this vital crop, promising a brighter and healthier future for global food security and human well-being.
生物强化代表了一种有前途且可持续的策略，可用于缓解全球营养缺乏问题。然而，其成功实施面临着重大挑战。在主要农作物中，小麦是解决这些营养差距的首选作物。小麦生物强化提供了一种强有力的方法，可以通过提高谷物中的微量营养素水平来增强小麦品种，从而解决当今时代最关键的全球问题之一。
正 文：生物强化是一种有前途但复杂的途径，面临着许多限制和挑战。值得注意的是，铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）、硒（Se）和铜（Cu）等微量元素对人类健康有重大影响。因此，提高小麦中 Fe、Zn、Se 和 Cu 的含量对于对抗营养不良具有重要意义。在这篇综述中，特别强调了要了解不同小麦属种中微量元素的遗传变异程度及其相关的吸收、转运、积累机制，以及用于小麦生物强化的不同传统和先进方法。
通过深入研究小麦属种中的微量营养素变异及其相关机制，本综述强调了有针对性地进行小麦生物强化的潜力。通过整合各种方法，从传统育种到现代生物技术干预，为提高这种重要作物的营养价值铺平了道路，有望为全球粮食安全和人类福祉带来更光明、更健康的未来。
