Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2024 Nov;108(6):1786-1797. doi: 10.1111/jpn.14018. Epub 2024 Jul 14.
A total of 23 studies were identified in a literature search performed in the Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases for meta-analysis. The criteria used include studies that were published from 2015 to 2023 and those reporting the effects of insect meal utilisation in poultry diets. Data on live weight (LW), carcass weight (CW), moisture, meat pH, lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), proximate composition (protein, fat and ash content) and shear force in broilers were subjected to OpenMEE software, and data were pooled using a random-effect model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to ascertain the influence of dietary insect meals on the response of meat aspects and the source of heterogeneity, respectively, using the following moderators (insect species, dosage level, feeding duration and age at slaughter). The results indicated that dietary insect meal did not affect LW, CW, meat L*, pH, shear force, moisture, fat and ash content. In contrast, dietary insect meal increased the a* of the meat (standardised mean differences (SMDs) = 1.03; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 0.484-1.578; p ≤ 0.001), b* (SMD = 1.117; 95% CI = 0.334-1.90; p = 0.005), and meat protein content (SMD = 0.365; 95% CI = 0.031-0.7; p = 0.032). The subgroup analysis showed that insect meal dosage of ≤10% and age at slaughtered ≤35 days had improved the LW, CW and meat L*. In addition, the meat a*, protein and ash content were also influenced by insect species, dosage levels and age at slaughter. In conclusion, ≤10% of either Hermetia illucens or Tenebrio molitor can be included in broiler diets without compromising the LW, CW, meat pH, colour, shear force, moisture, fat and ash content in broilers. The study therefore indicated that insect meals have a bright future as an alternative protein source in poultry diets.
在 Scopus、Science Direct 和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行文献检索，共确定了 23 项荟萃分析研究。纳入标准包括 2015 年至 2023 年发表的研究，以及报告昆虫饲料在禽类日粮中应用效果的研究。采用 OpenMEE 软件对肉鸡的活体体重（LW）、屠体体重（CW）、水分、肉 pH 值、亮度（L*）、红色度（a*）、黄色度（b*）、近似组成（蛋白质、脂肪和灰分含量）和剪切力进行分析，并采用随机效应模型对数据进行汇总。采用亚组分析和元回归，分别使用以下调节剂（昆虫种类、剂量水平、饲养时间和屠宰时的年龄）确定昆虫饲料对肉品方面的影响和异质性来源：结果表明，日粮中添加昆虫饲料对 LW、CW、肉 L*、pH 值、剪切力、水分、脂肪和灰分含量无影响。然而，日粮中添加昆虫饲料增加了肉的 a*（标准化均数差（SMD）=1.03；95%置信区间（CI）=0.484-1.578；p≤0.001）、b*（SMD=1.117；95%CI=0.334-1.90；p=0.005）和肉中蛋白质含量（SMD=0.365；95%CI=0.031-0.7；p=0.032）。亚组分析表明，≤10%的昆虫饲料用量和≤35 日龄的屠宰年龄提高了 LW、CW 和肉 L*。此外，昆虫种类、饲料剂量和屠宰年龄也影响了肉的 a*、蛋白质和灰分含量。综上所述，在不影响肉鸡 LW、CW、肉 pH 值、颜色、剪切力、水分、脂肪和灰分含量的情况下，肉鸡日粮中可添加≤10%的黑水虻或黄粉虫，作为一种新的蛋白源。因此，昆虫饲料作为禽类饲料的替代蛋白源具有广阔的前景。
