Lei Jun, Huang Yiyang, Zhao Yichuan, Zhou Zhi, Mao Lei, Liu Yanhui
Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District (West China Airport Hospital of Sichuan University), Chengdu 610200, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
J Cancer. 2024 Jul 2;15(14):4643-4655. doi: 10.7150/jca.96859. eCollection 2024.
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), and is characterized by high aggressiveness and a high recurrence rate. Currently, the main treatments for gliomas include surgical resection, temozolomide chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the prognosis of glioma patients after active standardized treatment is still poor, especially for glioblastoma (GBM); the median survival is still only 14.6 months, and the 5-year survival rate is only 4-5%. The current challenges in glioma treatment include difficulty in complete surgical resection, poor blood‒brain barrier (BBB) drug permeability, therapeutic resistance, and difficulty in tumor-specific targeting. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has provided new directions for diagnosing and treating gliomas. Nanoparticles (NPs) are characterized by excellent surface tunability, precise targeting, excellent biocompatibility, and high safety. In addition, NPs can be used for gene therapy, photodynamic therapy, and antiangiogenic therapy and can be combined with biomaterials for thermotherapy. In recent decades, breakthroughs in diagnosing and treating gliomas have been made with various functional NPs, and NPs are expected to become a new strategy for glioma diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we review the main obstacles in the treatment of glioma and discuss the potential and challenges of the latest nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of glioma.
胶质瘤是中枢神经系统（CNS）最常见的恶性肿瘤，具有高侵袭性和高复发率的特点。目前，胶质瘤的主要治疗方法包括手术切除、替莫唑胺化疗和放疗。然而，经过积极规范治疗后，胶质瘤患者的预后仍然很差，尤其是胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）；中位生存期仍仅为14.6个月，5年生存率仅为4% - 5%。目前胶质瘤治疗面临的挑战包括手术难以完全切除、血脑屏障（BBB）药物通透性差、治疗耐药性以及肿瘤特异性靶向困难。近年来，纳米技术的快速发展为胶质瘤的诊断和治疗提供了新方向。纳米颗粒（NPs）具有优异的表面可调节性、精确靶向性、良好的生物相容性和高安全性。此外，NPs可用于基因治疗、光动力治疗和抗血管生成治疗，并可与生物材料结合用于热疗。近几十年来，各种功能性NPs在胶质瘤的诊断和治疗方面取得了突破，NPs有望成为胶质瘤诊断和治疗的新策略。在本文中，我们综述了胶质瘤治疗中的主要障碍，并讨论了最新纳米技术在胶质瘤诊断和治疗中的潜力与挑战。
